2024-03-28T23:54:13Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9982019-07-01T10:06:37Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Springtime for Caesar : Vergil's Georgics and the defence of Octavian
Bunni, Adam
Buckley, Emma
Millar-Lyell Award, Department of Classics
Virgil - Criticism and interpretation
Virgil - Political views
Augustan poetry
Octavian Augustus
Vergil’s Georgics was published in 29 BCE, at a critical point in the political life of Octavian-Augustus. Although his position at the head of state had been confirmed by victory at Actium in 31, his longevity was threatened by his reputation for causing bloodshed during the civil wars.
This thesis argues that Vergil, in the Georgics, presents a defence of Octavian against criticism of his past, in order to safeguard his future, and the future of Rome. Through a complex of metaphor and allusion, Vergil engages with the weaknesses in Octavian’s public image in order to diminish their damaging impact. Chapter One examines the way in which the poet invokes and complements the literary tradition of portraying young men as destructive, amorous creatures, through his depiction of iuvenes in the Georgics, in order to emphasise the inevitability of youthful misbehaviour. Since Octavian is still explicitly a iuvenis, he cannot be held accountable for his actions up to this point, including his role in the civil wars.
The focus of Chapters Two and Three of this thesis is Vergil’s presentation of the spring season in the Georgics. Vergil’s preoccupation with spring is unorthodox in the context of agricultural didactic; under the influence of the Lucretian figure of Venus, Vergil moulds spring into a symbol of universal creation in nature, a metaphor for a projected revival of Roman affairs under Octavian’s leadership which would subsequently dominate the visual art of the Augustan period. Vergil’s spring is as concerned with the past as it is the future. Vergil stresses the fact that destructive activity can take place in spring, in the form of storms and animal violence; the farmer’s spring labor is characterised as a war against nature, which culminates in the horrific slaughter of oxen demanded by bugonia. In each case destruction is revealed as a necessary prerequisite for some form of creation: animal reproduction, increased crop yield, a renewed population of bees. Thus, the spring creation of a new Rome under Octavian will come as a direct result of the bloodshed of the civil wars, a cataclysm whose horrors are not denied, but whose outcome will ultimately be positive. Octavian is assimilated to Jupiter in his Stoic guise: a providential figure who sends fire and flood to Earth in order to improve mankind.
2010-09-17T15:15:00Z
2010-09-17T15:15:00Z
2010-06-22
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/998
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
216
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/294262024-03-08T17:13:10Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Mistress of the East, goddess of the West : Aphrodite and the development of ancient Greek erotica
King, Briana
Anderson, Ralph Thomas
Long, Alex
Skuse, Matthew Leslie
British School at Athens (BSA). Knossos Research Centre
Santander UK. Santander Universities. Research Mobility Award
Russell Trust. Postgraduate Award
Thomas Wiedemann Memorial Fund
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
Aphrodite
Greek erotica
Vase painting
Sculpture
Archaic period to Late Classical
Athens, Sparta, Corinth
Ancient Near East, Cyprus, Crete,
Ishtar
Aphrodite Pandemos
Aphrodite Ourania
Aphrodite en Kepois
Aphrodite Areia
Mulvey
Ancient spectatorship
Violence and sexuality
Praxiteles
Aphrodite of Knidos
Ancient Greek sex and sexuality
Gender
My thesis analyses the interlinked complexities of socially constructed sexualities and the identity of Aphrodite from the Archaic to the late-Classical period in order to reinstate a critical connection between ancient Greek conceptions of sex and the divine embodiment of sexuality. Previous scholarship has examined Aphrodite in isolation from sex and sexuality in the ancient Greek world, frequently focusing on her origins in Cyprus and the Near East and/or examining characteristics of her cults in select poleis. Studies on sexuality in ancient Greece often focus on characteristics of hetero/homosexual relationships and/or gender identity. These separate lines of inquiry have led to a notable gap in current scholarship which fails to consider how the cults and iconographies of the Greek goddess of sex relate to ancient Greek explorations of sex.
Using a viewership model which unites analyses of Aphrodite and of erotica in various ancient Greek media within a common interpretative framework, I demonstrate that developments in Aphrodite’s cult personae and material representations in regions where Aphrodite was prominently worshipped, including Sparta, Corinth, and Athens, are reflected in changes in ancient social ideals related to sexuality and gendered desirability.
The Archaic period cults of an armed Aphrodite reflect the divine dichotomy of love and male-instigated violence, a dichotomy similarly explored in Archaic and early-Classical heroic literature and Athenian sympotic vase paintings. Classical Athenian nuptial vase paintings reflect the Athenian emphasis on Aphrodite’s marriage-related cults during the same period. Praxiteles’s late-Classical Aphrodite of Knidos epitomizes contemporary, changing attitudes towards women’s sexuality and the desirability of the nude female form. By analyzing Aphrodite’s cults and associated iconographies in relation to ancient Greek erotica from the Archaic to late-Classical period in select regions, the various links between the divine embodiment of sexuality and the mortal explorations of sex become evident.
2024-03-05T10:41:38Z
2024-03-05T10:41:38Z
2021-07-01
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29426
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/804
en
2024-06-04
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Part (Chapters 1 through 5) of electronic vesion restricted until 4 June 2024
358
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26832019-03-29T11:58:06Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29612019-03-29T11:58:06Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The role of the 'strategoi' in Athens in the 4th century B.C.
Peake, Scott
The role of the Athenian generals in the Fourth Century B.C. has
remained one viewed in simplistic dismissal as mercenaries and lawless
condottieri. Such ideas, based upon the political rhetoric of the Athenian
ecclesia, led historians to remove the generals to the periphery of Athenian
history in the Fourth Century. Though misguided, there has been neither a
basic reinterpretation nor an in-depth re-examination of this idea.
This thesis examines the role of the Athenian strategoi from several
different angles but with one central argument, that the specialist Athenian
generals demonstrated throughout the C4th. a remarkably strong sense of
loyalty and patriotism towards their polis. Through such an argument the
generals may be brought back from the cloudy edges of legality and action
they have been seen as occupying, and given a central role in the affairs of
Athens in the Fourth Century.
This role will be reinforced on the military front by an examination
of the Athenian command network and the evolution of warfare. I hope to
show that the developments in the art of war that were occurring in this
period merely exacerbated the sociopolitical tensions that were present in
Athens and offered the generals further opportunity for the development of
their office. By concentrating upon the relatively few specialist strategoi
that emerged in the Fourth Century I hope to demonstrate that this
development of the strategia was one of gradual evolution, continuing
from Conon at the dawn of the century till the emergence of Leosthenes as
virtually a popular dictator by the time of the Lamian War.
Loyalty to "state" did not bring direct political power to the
specialist strategoi. Through the influence of public support, reliant upon a
continued distancing from the squabblings of the rhetors, the strategoi
might not have dominated Athenian political life but by 323 they were
certainly in a position to threaten the complete sovereignty of the ecclesia
itself.
2012-07-10T12:27:40Z
2012-07-10T12:27:40Z
1991
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2961
en
362 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113472018-07-17T23:16:51Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Reassembling the Iberians : rain, road, coins, crops and settlement in central Hispania Citerior, 206-27 B.C.
Naylor, Benjamin Walden
Woolf, Greg
Lavan, Myles
Iberians
Actor-network theory
Roman Republic
Roman provinces
Hispania Citerior
Settlement patterns
Communities
Agriculture
Ploughing
Numismatics
Roads
This thesis investigates Iberian communities in central Hispania Citerior during the Roman Republic. I demonstrate the usefulness of an actor-network approach for understanding a topic
characterised by scarce archaeological datasets. This approach is not intended to create a new
narrative for Roman Provincial Studies but instead allows us to ask new questions: what was
at stake for these communities? What was of interest to the Iberians? How did things happen?
Iberians lived primarily in small, often fortified settlements in elevated locations, although some
larger settlements are known and during the Republic many sites were abandoned for new locations on flatter ground. I find that throughout the period settlements were often clustered, creating communities distributed in small groups of sites. These Iberian groups grew versatile staple
crops in a variety of locations but may have tailored additional crops to regional environmental
conditions. I consider the potential for collaboration in the autumn ploughing and conclude that
any such collaboration must have relied on dense and wide relationships given changing patterns
of variability in rainfall. I show differences within coin circulation that suggest Iberian coins
were part of distinct sets of relationships. I also test the ability of carts to pass over various
long-distances routes and find that some coins were bound up in the same assemblages as cart
transport. The thesis positions the interface between all these different assemblages as crucial to
further work on these communities.
2017-08-01T16:18:30Z
2017-08-01T16:18:30Z
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11347
en
xxix, 535 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27802019-07-01T10:04:50Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Animal similes and creativity in the 'Posthomerica' of Quintus of Smyrna
Spinoula, Barbara
Campbell, Malcolm
This thesis examines the similes of wild animals in the third century epic poem Posthomerica, of
Quintus
of
Smyrna. The
similes are studied
in
both inter-textual
and textual levels. The former
approach discusses the debt
of
Quintus'
similes to preceding poets in terms of
language and
imagery. Quintus
proves to be
a creative and imaginative poet who
knows
well the tradition he has
inherited. The latter
approach deals with the similes in the Posthomerica only and
reveals how they are thoughtfully inter-related and form
sequences which ensure
the unity and coherence of the poem, and enhance its
overall melancholy tonality.
It is
also shown that by describing individual
cases of
doom, the sequences of
animal-similes mirror the main theme of the poem, the fall
of
Troy. Nevertheless
Quintus does not concentrate exclusively on the individual
victorious
hero but
gives an important
position to the victim, to the mass, as well as to characters who
are distant from the battlefield,
as women are. This
multi-sided presentation of the
human being
who
is directly
or
indirectly involved in the destructive war
brings
Quintus
close to the Hellenistic
attitude of the heroic
as well as to psychological
portraits of women
from that period.
The
similes
in the first
chapter
describe
exclusively male characters and show the heroic
valour
being
undermined.
Women have
an
increasing
presence in the similes of the second chapter;
vulnerable as they are, they add to the melancholy of the Posthomerica. The third
chapter studies the pure wild animal, the beast. The
chapter contains an analysis
of the beast in
epic similes preceding those of
Quintus and shows that the beast-
simile
is
mainly psychological and reflects the incomprehensible power of
Nature.
2012-06-14T14:16:28Z
2012-06-14T14:16:28Z
2008
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2780
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
266
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270452024-01-09T03:00:46Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
What it means to be a man : elite masculinity and warfare in Cisalpine Gaul c. 400-50 BC
Lumsden, Alastair Richard
Coulston, J. C.
Brock, Andrea L.
Celts
Gauls
Elite masculinity
Warfare
Archaeology
Barbarian cultures
Roman Republic
This thesis explores Cisalpine masculinity and warfare over the period c. 400-50 BC and seeks to demonstrate that material cultural changes reflected broader socio-political and military developments. A statistical analysis is undertaken of the composition of weapon burials from the largest and best-documented Gallic necropoleis in Cispadane and Transpadane Gaul. This reveals that specific combinations of La Tène, Golaseccan, and Italic mortuary goods were employed to express an individual’s position in an aristocratic hierarchy, and that these differed between Cisalpine Gallic groups in chronological, regional and intra-regional contexts. These results are then compared with how elite masculinity was expressed amongst other contemporary tribal groups from Transalpine Gaul and the Italian and Iberian peninsulas, along with their socio-political and military developments.
The second half of the thesis combines these conclusions with an examination of the Graeco-Roman battle narratives involving Cisalpine Gallic forces and constructs the first in-depth analysis of organisational and tactical capabilities of these forces. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the Cisalpine Gallic tribes experienced a significant period of socio-political development during the third century, greatly increasing the sophistication of their warcraft and military forces.
2023-02-24T09:30:42Z
2023-02-24T09:30:42Z
2023-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27045
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/295
en
2028-02-20
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 20th February 2028
366
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/93142019-03-29T11:58:14Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
'The flower of suffering' : a study of Aeschylus' Oresteia in the light of Presocratic ideas
Scapin, Nuria
Halliwell, Stephen
My PhD thesis, The Flower of Suffering, offers a philosophical evaluation of Aeschylus’
Oresteia in light of Presocratic ideas. By examining several aspects of the tragic trilogy in
relation to some of Aeschylus’ near-contemporary thinkers, it aims to unravel the
overarching theological ideas and the metaphysical and epistemological assumptions
underpinning the Oresteia’s dramatic narrative. My aim is to bring to relief those aspects of
the Oresteia which I believe will benefit from a comparison with some ideas, or modes of
thought, which circulated among the Presocratic philosophers. I will explore how reading
some of this tragedy’s themes in relation to Presocratic debates about theology and cosmic
justice may affect and enhance our understanding of the theological ‘tension’ and
metaphysical assumptions in Aeschylus’ work. In particular, it is my contention that
Aeschylus’ explicit theology, which has been often misinterpreted as a form of theodicy
where the justice of heaven is praised and a faith in the rule of the gods is encouraged, is
presented in these terms only to create a stronger collision with the painful reality dramatized
from a human perspective.
By setting these premises, it is my intention to confer on Greek tragedy a prominent position
in the history of early Greek philosophical thought. If the exclusion of Presocratic material
from debates about tragedy runs the risk of obscuring a thorough understanding of the
broader cultural backdrop against which tragedy was born, the opposite is also true. Greek
tragedy represents, in its own dramatic language, a fundamental contribution to early
philosophical speculation about the divine, human attitudes towards it, indeed, the human
place in relation to the cosmic forces which govern the universe.
2016-08-16T13:58:56Z
2016-08-16T13:58:56Z
2016-06
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9314
en
[12], 256 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/278852023-07-11T02:00:50Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Reassessing Agathias : early Byzantine historiography beyond Procopius
Ficulle, Larisa
König, Jason
Agosti, Gianfranco
University of St Andrews
Agathias
Byzantine historiography
Greek language
Byzantine history
Procopius of Caesarea
This thesis aims to provide a new evaluation of the Histories of Agathias Scholasticus, one of the main sources for the reign of Justinian (527-565 CE). By contextualising the author and approaching his text with the tools of modern research, the thesis casts light on crucial aspects of sixth-century history, literature, and language. Through an interdisciplinary approach (history, literary criticism, philology, and linguistics), the research reappraises the Histories in all its complexity, focusing both on Agathias' specificities as a historian and on his role within early Byzantine historiographical production. Through a tripartite structure, constituted by a first section on myth, marvels and miracles in Procopius and Agathias, a second on Agathias’ ethnography, and a third on Agathias’ language, the thesis argues that this work is not just a classicising history written after the manner of Herodotus and Thucydides; not just a continuation of the Wars of Procopius, but also the work of an idiosyncratic, independent author who made idiosyncratic, independent literary choices.
2023-07-04T11:34:42Z
2023-07-04T11:34:42Z
2023-11-29
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27885
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/534
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2027-06-28
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 28th June 2027
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
224
The University of St Andrews
Università di Roma La Sapienza
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155102019-03-29T11:58:15Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Seneca's 'Phoenissae' : introduction and commentary
Frank, Marica
Hine, Harry M.
The Introduction deals primarily with issues regarding Seneca's Phoenissae specifically, but includes some discussion of more general questions. It consists of the following sections: 1. Title (in which the problem of the two titles, Phoenissae and Thebais, is considered); 2. The Nature and Structure of the Work (which includes discussion of; the unity and state of completion of the Phoenissae, the question of the absence of a chorus, the possibility that the prologue is missing, the ending of the play, Seneca's dramatic purpose); 3. Seneca's Treatment of the Theban Legend (in which Seneca's debt to both his dramatic and non-dramatic precursors is discussed); 4. Philosophy, Rhetoric and Politics in the Phoenissae; 5. Staging (in which there is a general consideration of the question, followed by a discussion of the particular difficulties involved in the Phoenissae); 6. Chronology (which deals with the problem of dating Seneca's plays and the criteria for establishing a relative chronology). The Commentary is a line-by-line literary analysis of the Phoenissae, which includes discussion of syntactical, metrical, textual and philological questions. It is based on the 1986 OCT text of Otto Zwierlein.
2018-07-17T16:19:01Z
2018-07-17T16:19:01Z
1990
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15510
en
412 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/63772019-09-30T11:57:40Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The sons of Homer/ the sons of Rāma : understanding the rhapsode in comparative context
Stevens, Emerson M.
Hesk, Jon
Rhapsode
What was a rhapsode? How can we, given the scant nature of the evidence that survives, hope to examine in any detail the rhapsode’s role or position in Greek society? This PhD utilizes a Comparative philological approach to posit a solution to a longstanding problem of Classical philology. Using, as its grounds for comparison, the parallels provided via the performers of the Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa, my research aims to provide a better understanding of the role and status (both ‘self’ and ‘societal’) of the rhapsode in the Classical Greek world, by means of the backdrop offered by the performers of the Sanskrit epics. Through close examination of the similarities, which are many and striking, we shall be able to construct a far more detailed picture of the rhapsode than we could through scrutiny of the Greek material alone. But it is not only from similarities that insights can be gleaned – the culturally-specific differences too are important precisely because they illustrate the salience and specialness of what was taking place in Greece.
Beginning with questions of societal function and identity, and what the rhapsode, like his Indian counterparts, believed and was believed to be doing, the thesis will then move on to issues of the rhapsode’s place and perception in the larger society in which he existed. This will allow for certain features about the rhapsode to be seen more clearly than ever before, and ultimately a more complete picture of the rhapsode to be presented.
2015-03-27T10:13:59Z
2015-03-27T10:13:59Z
2014-06-24
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6377
en
2024-05-27
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 27th May 2024
188
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19962019-03-29T11:58:15Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The harmonious organ of Sedulius Scottus : an introduction and translation of selections of his 'Collectaneum in Apostolum'
Sloan, Michael Collier
Pollmann, Karla
Most of the limited scholarship on Sedulius Scottus focuses on his poems and treatise, De Rectoribus Christianis. As the product of a central ecclesiastical figure in Liège, the intellectual capital of Louis the German’s kingdom, Sedulius’ biblical exegesis also deserves study. The Carolingians revered classical society and culture and at the same time sought to become a wholly Christian empire, thus, it is not surprising that the content of Sedulius’ Collectaneum in Apostolum contains both classical and Christian elements. In 1997, J. Frede published a critical edition of Sedulius’ Collectaneum in Apostolum, but there remains today neither a translation nor specific study of this work in any modern language. My thesis seeks to provide an introduction and translation for the Prologue and commentaries on Galatians and Ephesians as contained in Frede’s critical edition of Sedulius Scottus’ Collectaneum in Apostolum.
After situating Sedulius in his historical context and highlighting the tradition of biblical collectanea, I present external evidence – which demonstrates Sedulius’ familiarity with Donatus’ Vita and Servius’ commentary on the Aeneid – as well as intertextual links to the latter works to argue that Servius’ pedagogical commentary served as a literary model for Sedulius’ Collectaneum. I also introduce and explain Sedulius’ organizing template for the Prologue, which is his employment of the classical rhetorical schema, “the seven types of circumstance”. This schema is an important rhetorical tool of many classical and medieval authors that has heretofore been misrepresented as originating from Hermagoras.
Sedulius’ literary style and format are examined as matters of introduction, which further reveals the influence of Servius. The commentaries within the Collectaneum in Apostolum are essentially based on older, formative religious writers such as Jerome, Augustine, and Pelagius. Not only do I survey Sedulius’ doctrinal stances on important theological and ecclesiastical issues of his time, but I discuss Sedulius’ reception of the above three authors in particular and demonstrate how his Collectaneum in Apostolum attempts to harmonize their sometimes discordant voices.
2011-09-02T13:08:24Z
2011-09-02T13:08:24Z
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1996
en
278
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270552023-11-17T22:19:03Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Birth, death, and rebirth in Nonnus' Dionysiaca and Paraphrase
Gerlach, Oliver George
Rees, Roger
Schoess, A. Sophie (Ann-Sophie)
AD Links Foundation
Ronald Morton Smith Scholarship Fund
Classics
Late antiquity
Greek literature
Nonnus of Panopolis
Dionysus
This thesis explores a new way to approach the Dionysiaca and the Paraphrase of Nonnus, reading the two texts in parallel and identifying the relationship between the poems and the cultural and religious contexts of their composition. It situates the poems firmly in their context and explores possible meanings the original audience will have found in the texts. Using the themes of rebirth and resurrection as a case study, this research identifies structural principles underlying Nonnian poetics, and connects these principles and themes with the cultural milieu surrounding the poems' composition. It takes a reader oriented approach, focusing on likely readings of the poems in their original context. Treating the death of Zagreus and his rebirth as Dionysus as the paradigmatic moment underpinning both texts, this research identifies Pagan and Christian resonances in scenes of rebirth throughout both poems, and challenges the orthodox view of reading the two texts in isolation. This is achieved through study of lexical and thematic connections between scenes of resurrection across the poems, and by exploring the significance of these in the context of 5th-century Egypt. The themes of rebirth and resurrection are traced through the narratives of Zagreus and Dionysus, and Lazarus and Christ, alongside those of more minor characters, such as Ampelus and Tylus. This is then followed by an exploration of scenes of rape and birth as a counterpart to death and rebirth, exposing the importance of destruction and new generation, both birth and rebirth, to the goals of Nonnian poetics. This research shows that reading the Nonnian poems in parallel enriches understanding of the literary and theological detail, and identifies shared structural elements across both. Ultimately, it offers a new framework for study of the Nonnian poems, focused on their role as a single body of work.
2023-02-24T12:01:07Z
2023-02-24T12:01:07Z
2023-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27055
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/300
en
2028-02-14
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 14th February 2028
287
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/164762024-01-11T16:35:09Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Aberration and criminality in Senecan tragedy
Payne, Matthew
Buckley, Emma
Long, Alex
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
University of St Andrews
Santander UK. Santander Universities
Seneca the Younger
Paradox
Language of crime
Intertextuality
Roman tragedy
Space and place
Latin literature
Neronian literature
Aberration
Criminality
This thesis tackles the pervasiveness of aberration in Senecan tragedy. Aberration infects all aspects of the drama, and it is deeply entwined with Senecan criminality. In my introduction, I define my terminology of the aberrant, and I discuss a series of ongoing scholarly debates on the tragedies, showing how understanding the aberrant in Seneca’s dramas can shed new light on these questions.
In Chapter 1, I examine the relationship between the language of crime in the plays, tracing the Latin words for crime back to their instances in Republican Roman tragedy and other genres and seeing how Seneca uses and develops this language of crime, creating an unstable fuel for his dramas.
In Chapter 2, I consider Seneca’s paradoxes. I consider not only verbal manifestations but all the different paradoxes that appear in the dramas: visual paradoxes, paradoxes of infinity, thematic paradoxes, intertextual paradoxes and more. Paradox is not merely a formal feature of Seneca’s writing but integral to the structure of each play. Paradox becomes Seneca’s means of transforming linguistic aberration into thematic aberration.
In Chapter 3, I argue that Senecan landscapes are not just verbal artefacts. Seneca describes his anomalous spaces in ways that connect with how space and place was experienced in Roman culture. Seneca’s aberrant spaces give us buildings that are bigger on the inside than the outside and bodies that explode with the emotions within them.
In Chapter 4, I probe aberrant behaviour, by considering the ambiguous characters of Hercules and Thyestes. I expand our focus to incorporate Roman notions of appropriate behaviour, reading the dramas and De Beneficiis as reflecting wider socio-cultural concerns, and I question common assumptions about the thematization of theatricality in Senecan tragedy. In both Hercules Furens and Thyestes, crime skews and twists the situation, rendering apparently ethical behaviour aberrant.
2018-11-15T12:52:50Z
2018-11-15T12:52:50Z
2018-12-07
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16476
en
2028-11-06
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 6th November 2028
310 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42902023-12-05T03:01:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
«Training the soul in excellence»: musical theory and practice in Plato's dialogues, between ethics and aesthetics
Lynch, Tosca
Halliwell, Stephen
Plato
Ancient Greek music
Ethos and music
Ancient aesthetics
Plato and education
Mimesis
This thesis offers a technically informed examination of Plato’s pervasive, though not innocent, use of musical theory, practice and musical concepts more generally within the ambitious ethical project outlined in many of his dialogues: fostering the ‘excellence’ of the soul.
Starting from Republic 3, Chapter 1 will focus specifically on music stricto sensu in order to assess Plato’s interpretation of the basic ‘building blocks’ of musical performances, creating a core repertoire of musical concepts that will prepare the way to analyse Plato’s use of musical terms or categories in areas that, at first sight, do not appear to be immediately connected to this art, such as politics, ethics and psychology. Chapter 2 examines a selection of passages from Laws 2 concerning the concept of musical beauty and its role in ethical education, demonstrating how Plato’s definition is far from being moralistic and, instead, pays close attention to the technical performative aspects of dramatic musical representations. Chapter 3 looks first at the harmonic characterisation of the two central virtues of the ideal city, sophrosyne and dikaiosyne, showing how their musical depictions are not purely metaphoric: on the contrary, Plato exploited their cultural implications to emphasise the characteristics and the functions of these virtues in the ideal constitution. The second half of Chapter 3 analyses the Platonic portrayal of musical παρανομία, studying both its educational and psychological repercussions in the dialogue and in relations to contemporary Athenian musical practices. Chapter 4 looks at how different types of music may be used to create an inner harmonic order of passions in the soul in different contexts: the musical-mimetic education outlined in the Republic, the musical enhancement of the psychological energies in the members of the Chorus of Dionysus in the Laws, and finally the role of the aulos in the Symposium.
2013-12-13T13:11:44Z
2013-12-13T13:11:44Z
2013-11-18
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4290
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-4290
en
Embargo period has ended, thesis made available in accordance with University regulations
vi, 212
The University of St Andrews
School of Classics
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/145352019-03-29T11:58:16Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Sex and society in the 'Laws' of Plato
Moore, Kenneth R.
Woolf, Greg
Harrison, Thomas
This thesis deals with the topics of sex and society in the Laws of Plato with recourse to ancient historical context and modern critical theory. It examines reconstructions of ancient 'sexuality' (e.g. through Dover, Foucault and Davidson) with a view to increased clarification. The text of the Laws is considered, along with many of its literary qualities, its influences and the utopian plan that it entails. Plato's narrator, the Athenian Stranger, has proposed the remarkable theory that sexuality can be controlled through the manipulation of people's thoughts. The thesis is particularly interested in the manner in which sexuality is ideologically constructed. A significant portion of this inquiry deals with education in the hypothetical polis (Magnesia) and the part that this is designed to play specifically in terms of sex-role stereotyping. The Laws spins andreia as the ideal model for the Magnesians to imitate in their mandatory pursuit of arete. The reformulation of the Magnesian oikos and the 'brave new femininity' that this plan entails figure prominently into this examination. Magnesian women must become more like (idealised) men in terms of 'manly' enkrateia. They will combine alleged elements from athenian, Spartan, Kretan, Sauromatian and Amazonian women (plus Platonic philosophy) to attain this new status. Men must become less like women are perceived to be. A law is drafted to ban same-sex activities, considered 'womanish', but there is some uncertainty as to whether or not it will ever be enforced. Psychology and propaganda, religion, education, the family and government will all work together to affect the moral hygiene of Magnesia. The thesis investigates each of these topics, with recourse to material outside the Laws, in considering Plato's social/sexual construction theory.
2018-06-25T12:21:01Z
2018-06-25T12:21:01Z
2003
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14535
en
335 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154892019-03-29T11:58:17Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on Xenophon's 'Àpologia Sokratous'
Polson, Timothy J.
Halliwell, Stephen
This thesis is a commentary on Xenophon the Athenian's (Apology of Socrates), a work written in the first half of the 4th century B.C. with the express purpose of explaining Socrates' self-aggrandizing behaviour during his trial in 399. The commentary is prefaced by three essays which treat the issues of authenticity, dating, and possible non-Platonic influences on the work, while the four appendices contain comparisons with Xenophon's Memorabilia and Plato's Apology as well as treatments of Socrates' daimonic sign and his arrogant behaviour during the trial as described by Xenophon. Based on the 1919 Oxford Classical Text edited by E. C. Marchant, the commentary itself is a line-by-line analysis concerned primarily with providing a social, historical, and literary context for each passage under consideration.
2018-07-17T13:33:24Z
2018-07-17T13:33:24Z
2000
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15489
en
226 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154992019-05-03T10:46:11Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Apuleius and Lyly
Rawlings, Linda Edwards
Ogilvie, R. M. (Robert Maxwell)
Rotary International
This work is a study of the contribution which Apuleius' Metamorphoses made to the development of the Euphuistic style apparent in John Lyly's Euphuest The Anatomy of Wit. While not proving conclusively Apuleius' direct influence on Lyly's work" it does provide a sound argument that Meta- morphoses exhibits the same Euphuistic elements present in Euphues. To illustrate the similarities between these two works, a study of the authors' lives, of thematic similarities in the works, of the origin of Euphuism, and of the grammatical devices in both works has been included. The authors' lives are examined primarily in respect to their education and works, along with an analysis of probable influences on their writing styles. Furthermore, the influence of Adlington's translation of Metamorphoses and of Lyly's Euphues on the Renaissance Period in England is considered. Within this study, the two works are presented as possible autobiographies. Besides an analysis of the authors' lives, a discussion of theme and plot similarities reveals that each work deals with a protagonist's difficulties due to his reckless curiosity. Ultimately, both heroes are punished for their curiosity (Lucius in his transformation into an ass and Euphues in his loss of Lucilia), and both heroes receive some mercy (Luicus through his dedication to Isis and Euphues through his vow to forsake women and to pursue education). An analysis of Euphuism's origin begins by defining the Euphuistic style Lyly employs and by studying the Asianic influence on that style. Moreover, an examination of past theories concerning the origin of Euphuism is included as they represent conflicting opinions on that source. At this point, a discussion of Apuleius' debt to the classics illustrates that both Apuleius and Lyly draw upon the same sources in creating a Euphuistic style, though both of these authors exhibit similar stylistic traits which set them apart from these sources. Having surveyed various theories on the origin of Euphuism, an analysis of the development of style in Apuleius' Metamor-phoses and Lyly' s Euphues t The Anatomy of Wit is organized into two separate chapters; one deals with the usage of individual letters (including annomination, transverse alliteration, assonance, consonance, and rhyme), while the other concerns the usage of the word as a unit (antithesis of ideas and sounds, isocola, pleonasm, personification, puns, repetition, rhetorical questions, and classical allusions), Finally, conclusions regarding the authors' similarities in style are drawn. Here, the stylistic differences due to the two separate languages employed and common factors present in both works are examined in detail, a complete frequency chart of grammatical devices in both works is included to document clearly the evidence presented.
2018-07-17T14:56:08Z
2018-07-17T14:56:08Z
1982
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15499
en
292 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/45922019-07-01T10:06:48Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The Cyclades in the middle and late Bronze Age
Barber, R. L. N.
Catling, H. W.
The study comprises an investigation of the history and culture of the Cyclades in the second millennium B. C., based on a comprehensive analysis of the sites and finds. Particular attention is paid to the question of the cultural unity of the islands and their relationships with other areas of the Aegean. In the introduction in Volume I (Chapter 1), previous work in the field is surveyed, problems are outlined and possible areas of progress suggested. In Chapter 2, the stratigraphical basis for the definition of the Middle and Late Cycladic periods is set out. There follow detailed descriptions and discussions of the sites (Chapter 3), the local pottery (Chapter 4), the non-ceramic finds (Chapter 5 A-J), the architecture (Chapter 6) and the burials (Chapter 7). Imports and exports, mainly of pottery, are considered in Chapter 8 and their significance is assessed, both for the establishment of a relative chronology and for the elucidation of the external relations of the Cyclades in the period under review. The concluding Chapter (9) summarises the evidence already presented in terms of the history of the Cyclades and the way of life of their inhabitants. Solutions are offered to some of the questions posed in the introduction and suitable avenues for future research indicated. The companion volume contains appendices, listing published finds of the Middle and Late Cycladic periods, in format to that used for their discussion in Volume I. Appendix I (corresponding to Chapter 4) lists the pottery, excluding imports, and Appendix II A - J the non-ceramic finds. Appendix III (Chapter 7) records known burials and notes the associated finds. Appendix IV (Chapter 8) lists imported pottery found in the Cyclades, Cycladic exports found abroad and objects exchanged between one island and another. Volume II also contains the illustrations, which consist of fifty two figures and thirty three plates.
2014-04-24T12:14:14Z
2014-04-24T12:14:14Z
1978
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4592
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
2 vol.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151822020-06-11T11:14:34Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Bloody women : rites of passage, blood and Artemis : women in Classical Athenian conception
Thompson, Heather Ann
Smith, Christopher John
St Andrews Society of the State of New York
The expected role for women in 5th century Athens as presented in evidence from myths, rituals, medicine and religion was socially and biologically conceived of in strict terms, but it was also perceived as conflicted. This conflict will be explored by investigating women in real life and women in myth and ritual. The ideal rites of passage women were intended to pass through in their lives as exemplified in medical texts required women to shed their blood at appropriate times from menarche to marriage to motherhood. These transitions are socially signified by certain rituals designed to highlight the change in the individuals' status. This medical conception of the female body and its functions was affected by social expectations of the proper female role in society: to be a wife and mother. Myths presented extraordinary women as failing to bleed in the standard socially expected transitions from parthenos to gyne. The discrepancy between the presentation of women in social and medical thought and the presentation of women in myth indicates the ambiguities and difficulties that surround the development of girls into complete women often explored in rituals. These two provinces, women in everyday life and women in myth and ritual, overlap, relate and interpenetrate in the presentation of the goddess Artemis. Artemis operates in a place where myth and real life function together in the form of rituals surrounding women bleeding in these rites of passage. The methodology of social anthropology adopted in this study allows the interpretation of myth in action in women's lives and investigates where social ideals, mythology and the goddess Artemis overlap to inform the lives of women. Rather than merely describe what occurred in myth and ritual or what a woman's life was meant to be, this model will illustrate how such elements combined to affect a woman's life and the functioning of the society in which she lived. The picture which is created of the position of women when this evidence is considered in conjunction with the precepts of social anthropology illustrates part of a discourse about the position women and reveals how the social structure of their place in society was produced and reproduced.
2018-07-10T12:56:27Z
2018-07-10T12:56:27Z
1998
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15182
en
261 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/31462019-03-29T11:58:20Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Intellectual narratives and elite Roman learning in the 'Noctes Atticae' of Aulus Gellius
Howley, Joseph A.
König, Jason
Harries, Jill
This thesis offers a new interpretation of the literary techniques of the Noctes Atticae,
a second-century Latin miscellaneous work by Aulus Gellius, with new readings
of various passages. It takes as its main subject the various ways in which Gellius narrates
and otherwise represents mental and intellectual activity. It proposes a typology
for these representations in Chapter One, the Introduction. Chapter Two examines
the “dialogic” scenes, which relate the conversations of characters, in the context of
the history of dialogic writing. It argues that Gellius's unique approach to relating
conversation, besides revealing specific concerns about each stage of ancient education,
encourages readers to develop strategies for imagining and reconstructing the intellectual
character and lifestyle that lie behind an individual's speech - in short, to see
every instance of conversation as a glimpse at others' mental quality. Chapter Three
of the thesis examines Gellius's narrative accounts of his own reading experiences, a
body of ancient evidence unparalleled in both substance and detail. Focusing on his depictions of reading Pliny the Elder, it shows the way Gellius, in the traditionally public
contexts of ancient reading, seeks to invent a performative space in the privacy of the
reader's mind. Chapter Four explores Gellius's essays and notes which, despite lacking
clear narrative frameworks, nonetheless share common themes with the rest of the
Noctes, and can be understood as representations of the mental activity and standards
that Gellius associates with his contemporaries' relationship to the past. The Conclusion
points the way for further applications of the thesis's conclusions in Imperial
intellectual culture and beyond. This thesis suggests a new approach for examining
depictions of the acquisition, evaluation and use of knowledge in the Imperial period,
and contributes to the ongoing scholarly discussion about the reading of miscellaneous
literature.
2012-09-22T20:30:37Z
2012-09-22T20:30:37Z
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3146
en
iv, 268
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/238532024-02-17T03:01:29Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Remembering Republican leaders, constructing Imperial lives : Suetonius and the dawn of the Roman Empire
Martino, Consuelo
Geue, Tom
Kelly, Gavin
König, Alice
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Ronald Morton Smith Scholarship
Suetonius
Roman Republic
Roman leadership and politics
Roman Empire
Latin biography
Studies on Republican memory in the imperial age usually consider Trajan’s reign as the terminus post quem the Republic ceases to be scrutinised with nostalgia. My thesis challenges this assumption and investigates how Suetonius’ characterisation of the Roman emperors in the Lives of the Caesars interacts with the memory of late Republican leaders. In addition, it analyses the significance of accession to sole power in the biographies of Caesar and Augustus in the second century A.D., when the question of who should reign becomes a fundamental consideration in political discourse.
Throughout, I put Suetonius’ biographies in dialogue with other genres and material evidence from the periods of time he writes about. The methodology used is interdisciplinary, mainly based on cultural memory studies, intertextuality and interdiscursivity. To offer a comprehensive analysis of the material, each section also carefully places the events analysed within the larger historical context.
First, I consider the difficulties of writing about the fall of the Republic in the Empire. Secondly, I assess Suetonius’ portrayal of Julius Caesar and of the Triumviral age. Then, I discuss how the memory of Republican leaders has contributed to the characterisation of other Suetonian Julio-Claudians. The literary and cultural interactions between Suetonius and the works of authors such as Cicero and Virgil, or between Suetonius’ text and coins, demonstrate that the Lives of the Caesars present thought-provoking political interpretations, which are otherwise undervalued.
The present study shows the considerable value of reading Suetonius’ text in relation to the cultural memory of the Roman Republic. This not only allows us to re-evaluate and fully appreciate the political significance of Suetonius’ text. It also lays the groundwork for further discussion of the role of Republican memory in the imperial period beyond Trajan.
2021-08-27T15:06:27Z
2021-08-27T15:06:27Z
2021-12-01
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23853
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/127
AH/M004163/0
en
2026-08-13
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 13th August 2026
253 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151852019-03-29T11:58:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Local defence of Rome's north-east frontier - third to seventh centuries AD
Fahey, William Edmund
Whitby, Michael
Russell Trust
American Travel Fund
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the function of local communities in the defence of the late Roman Empire along the North-East frontier. The North-East is defined as those lands between 37 and 49 degrees longitude east and 42 and 36 degrees latitude north, encompassing territories in northern Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Georgia. Efforts at controlling this region had to take into account a variety of communities and environmental conditions. The diversity of the terrain impeded easy unification of the region. Throughout Antiquity attempts were made to overcome these barriers through projects which largely revolved around specific urban centres. Such centres provided points through which imperial powers controlled the periphery via local agents. In order to establish the difficulties faced by both local communities and the late Roman government, the successes and failures of previous imperial powers at controlling the region shall be surveyed. During the fourth century a defensive strategy in which the Roman army avoided pitched battles and increasingly relied on specialists, the limitanei, and the subject population to keep invaders at bay, was developed in the North-East. The imperial government carefully used traditional power structures and local customs to secure the loyalty of both provincial leaders and subjects. This can be observed in detailed studies of several important frontier settlements. Armenian sources have been used in conjunction with Classical literature to create an enriched picture of the North-East. The Christian hierarchy was central to the late Roman government's control of the frontier communities. While they rarely held legitimate military authority, the clergy played a tremendous part in bolstering the morale of commanders, troops, and citizens. They were called upon to arbitrate judicial cases within the empire, and following this development, they acted as intermediaries between imperial courts, opposing armies, and mutinous troops. The Church's missionary efforts and communication with Christian communities on all sides of the frontier made clerics useful agents for negotiation and a valuable source of information. As a consequence, Christianity influenced the development of diplomacy in the region and was in turn influenced by political and military matters. It is debatable whether the late Roman state had developed any sort of "grand strategy" in the North-East. Yet the willingness to support local initiative over the course of three hundred years suggests that the imperial government consciously followed a consistent policy, not unlike that employed during early periods with regards to client kings.
2018-07-10T13:23:55Z
2018-07-10T13:23:55Z
1993
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15185
en
173 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/31452019-03-29T11:58:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Servire and servare : the ideological tradition of dominance, subservience and tyrannicide in Lucan's Pharsalia
Chiu, Yi-Chieh
Gee, Emma Ruth Grenville
The image of dominance, subservience and tyrannicide is prevalent in Lucan's
Pharsalia. For him, Caesar's descendents will dominate the universe and enslave the
people. Murder is the only political solution. This ideological belief has a Republican
and Augustan tradition. Lucan's presentation of dominance and subservience
exemplifies the evolution of a specific political ideology in the early Empire.
2012-09-22T20:23:26Z
2012-09-22T20:23:26Z
2012
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3145
en
Electronic copy restricted until 18th April 2017
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations
125
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113572019-03-29T11:58:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A philosophy as old as Homer : Giacomo Leopardi and Greek poetic pessimism
Franzoni, Maria Giulia
Halliwell, Stephen
The aim of this thesis is twofold: it explores Giacomo Leopardi’s (1798-1837)
interpretation of, and engagement with, Greek pessimistic thought and, through him, it
investigates the complex and elusive phenomenon of Greek pessimistic thought itself.
This thesis contends that Greek pessimistic thought – epitomised by but not limited to
the famous wisdom of Silenus, the µὴ φῦναι topos – is an important element of Greek
thought, a fundamental part of some of Greece’s greatest literary works, and a vital
element in the understanding of Greek culture in general. Yet this aspect of ancient
thought has not yet received the attention it deserves, and in the history of its
interpretation it has often been forgotten, denied, or purposefully obliterated.
Furthermore, the pessimistic side of Greek thought plays a crucial role in both the
modern history of the interpretation of antiquity and the intellectual history of Europe; I
argue that this history is fundamentally incomplete without the appreciation of
Leopardi’s role in it. By his study of and engagement with ancient sources Leopardi
contributed to the 19th century rediscovery of Greek pessimistic wisdom, alongside,
though chronologically before, the likes of Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche,
and Jacob Burckhardt.
Having outlined some fundamental steps in the history of the reception of Greek
pessimism, this thesis examines the cardinal components of Leopardi’s reception of it:
his use of Greek conceptions of humanity to undermine modernity’s anthropocentric
fallacy, his reinterpretation of the Homeric simile of the leaves and its pessimistic
undertones, and his views on the idea that it would be best for man not to be born.
2017-08-02T14:45:40Z
2017-08-02T14:45:40Z
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11357
en
viii, 243 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/130872019-03-29T11:58:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The life and work of 'Palmyra Wood', a biographical study : including a description of his travels, the first draft of his essay on Homer, and a commentary on the place of the essay in English and German criticism
Moncur, James
2018-04-06T13:27:53Z
2018-04-06T13:27:53Z
1928
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13087
en
231, lvi p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/233802021-07-21T15:27:36Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Steps to acquiring godhood : ritual and divinity in Seneca's Medea
Giamarellou Bourmpouli, Eleni Alexandra
Buckley, Emma
Anderson, Ralph Thomas
Ritual
Medea
Senecan tragedy
Sacrifice
Divinity
Magic ritual
Roman lived experience
Prayer
Ritual perversion
Abuse of power
Seneca's Medea Act 4
Seneca's Medea Act 5
Seneca's Medea
Mortal and divine relations
Early Imperial Rome
Public cult
Ritual methodology
Roman religion
Apotheosis
Ritual as lived experience
This thesis argues for the importance of ritual and analyzes its use in Seneca’s Medea, emphasizing Act 4’s importance and its relevance for understanding Medea’s actions and identity in Act 5. I employ the ritual methodologies of Catherine Bell and Bruce Kapferer, and broader context of Roman religion, to argue that Medea uses ritual to transform herself, culminating in sacrificial murders which make her a divinity, escaping the mortal realm by the end of the play. Focusing first on prayer, I exhibit how it structures the mortal’s position with respect to divinities according to a recognizably ‘lived’ experience of its first century CE audience. Subsequently, I show how the magic ritual of Act 4 portrays Medea as a powerful sorceress and actively stages ritual to augment her existing power, entering her into the divine realm. I emphasize her divine heritage and special bond with Hecate as crucial factors to her success. Lastly, I posit that the child-murders of Act 5 function as a sacrifice that re-integrates Medea with her birth family, severs her from mortal community, and designates her as a vengeful deity. I build upon Senecan scholarship by suggesting a progressive arc for the play and treating ritual seriously. My work faces ritual as lived experience, one demanding the full engagement of the participant’s mind and matter. Contextualizing within Roman religion, I explore how ritual functions as a communication method between humans and gods. This ritual analysis also illuminates the interconnectedness of magic and public cult, casting doubt on the dominant assumption that any ritual performed in isolation is magical. Furthermore, I analyze the sacrificial murders to comment on perversion in Roman religion. I thus show the play’s embeddedness in early Imperial Rome’s culture and indicate that Seneca uses this to speak to the terrifying concept of abusing power.
2021-06-17T15:03:48Z
2021-06-17T15:03:48Z
2021-07-01
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23380
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/75
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2024-06-03
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 3rd June 2024
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
158 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/265072022-11-29T03:01:34Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The togata and the construction of 'Roman' identity in the mid Republic
Rallo, Giuseppe Eugenio
Pezzini, Giuseppe
Panayotakis, Costas
Biggs, Thomas
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
Togata
Fragments
Roman theatre
Identity
Gender
Late antiquity
This thesis aims to be the first monograph in English on the togata, a ‘Roman’ dramatic genre, which I analyse as a source for the construction of ‘Roman’ identity in the mid Republic, that is to say, for the definition of the characteristics and beliefs that allegedly distinguished the identity of the Roman people (and their culture and literature) from (the identity of) others, according to the Romans themselves.
In my investigation of the togata, I search for elements of identity, understood as a construct that is both literary and cultural. That the togata was engaged with the construction of a literary identity is shown, above all, by the fact that, as far as the extant evidence shows, it was written in Latin, not in Greek (a fact which should not be taken for granted), and also by the fact that the fragments contain a restricted number of Greek borrowings. Togata plays were set in Rome or in Italian territory under the control of the Romans; the genre featured characters who had (often though not exclusively) Roman names; and it was anchored in a Roman literary tradition (above all that of Plautus) as regards themes, genre conventions, character-behaviour, style and language. The cultural dimension of this form of identity construction is shown, for instance, in the treatment of characters, some of whom display features that reflect specific traits of Roman society (such as the uxor dotata, that is, the dowered wife).
The construction of ‘Roman’ identity traceable in the togata, in both of the senses noted already, did not involve, however, a complete dissociation from sources of foreign influence, according to a monolithic conception of identity. Greek literary models exerted influence on the togata (in some cases this influence was explicitly recognised), and even provided the blueprint for the codification of what is (or should be) specifically Roman. Moreover, the world of the togata was multicultural and multilingual, featuring characters with non-Roman (especially Greek) names, who, nonetheless, were integrated into a hierarchical framework in which the Romans were at the top, socially and morally.
My main aim then is to explore the problematic corpus of the togata in search of evidence that may help to shed light on the complex process of constructing ‘Roman’ identity in the mid Republic. The results of my work contribute to current scholarly discourses on identity, Greek and Roman drama, and gender.
2022-11-28T16:42:12Z
2022-11-28T16:42:12Z
2022-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26507
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/233
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
276 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110392019-03-29T11:58:22Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Firmicus Maternus’ Mathesis and the intellectual culture of the fourth century AD
Mace, Hannah Elizabeth
Rees, Roger
Ronald Morton Smith Scholarship Fund
Julius Firmicus Maternus
Mathesis
Astrology
Latin literature
Fourth century AD
Late Antiquity
Manilius
Ptolemy
Constantine
Constantius
Vegetius
Palladius
Martianus Capella
Pliny
Ovid
Germanicus
Astronomy
Authority
Roman law
Roman Christianity
Lollianus Mavortius
Tetrabiblos
The focus of this thesis is Firmicus Maternus, his text the Mathesis, and their place in the intellectual culture of the fourth century AD. There are two sections to this thesis. The first part considers the two questions which have dominated the scholarship on the Mathesis and relate to the context of the work: the date of composition and Firmicus’ faith at the time. Chapter 1 separates these questions and reconsiders them individually through an analysis of the three characters which appear throughout the text: Firmicus, the emperor, and the addressee Mavortius. The second part of the thesis considers the Mathesis within the intellectual culture of the fourth century. It examines how Firmicus establishes his authority as a didactic astrologer, with an emphasis on Firmicus’ use of his sources. Chapter 2 examines which sources are credited. It considers the argument that Manilius is an uncredited source through an analysis of the astrological theory of the Mathesis and the Astronomica. In addition, the astrological theory of Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos is compared to the Mathesis to assess Firmicus’ use of his named sources. The methods that Firmicus uses to assert his authority, including his use of sources, are compared to other didactic authors, both astrological or Late Antique in Chapter 3. This chapter examines whether Firmicus’ suppression and falsifying of sources is found in other didactic literature. Chapter 4 considers possible reasons for the omission of Manilius’ name and also the effect that this has had on intellectual culture and the place of the Mathesis within it.
2017-06-21T09:59:07Z
2017-06-21T09:59:07Z
2017-06-22
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11039
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
230 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/174472021-03-02T15:36:05Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Madness in Socratic philosophy : Xenophon, Plato and Epictetus
Shelton, Matthew James
Long, Alex
Professor Ian Kidd Bequest for Classics
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College Scholarship
National Research Foundation (South Africa)
Oppenheimer Memorial Trust
Madness
Mania
Socrates
Xenophon
Plato
Epictetus
Phaedrus
Memorabilia
Ancient philosophy
Socratic philosophy
Aristophanes
Mental illness
Collection and division
Sappho
Anacreon
Eros
Stoicism
Hallucination
Chrysippus
Posidonius
Divine possession
My central claim is that three Socratic philosophers, Xenophon, Plato and Epictetus, engage with views presented as non-philosophical in their discussions of madness, and this engagement, which has not been sufficiently treated by previous scholarship, plays a key role in each thinker’s distinct rhetorical strategy. Xenophon’s Socrates conserves a popular definition of madness in the Memorabilia, but adds his own account of what is similar to madness. Xenophon does not merely make Socrates transmit conventional views; instead, Socrates’ comparison allows Xenophon to take rhetorical advantage of popular attitudes while enlarging the apotreptic scope of madness. Socrates can use comparisons with madness to deal with a great many people, including his rivals, the natural scientists, and various interlocutors who, unlike the mad, can still benefit from his teaching. In the Phaedrus, Plato’s Socrates employs a concept of madness which, I argue, is applied without equivocation across both of his speeches in the first part of the dialogue. Importantly, Socrates’ inclusion of rational philosophy as a kind of madness is not presented as a distortion of this concept. The connections between madness, love and philosophy are drawn from non-philosophical material, in particular poetry and comedy, and Socrates engages with a popular caricature of the philosopher as eccentric or mad. Instead of rejecting the caricature, Socrates re-evaluates philosophical madness by explaining the transformation of the philosopher’s soul. Epictetus’ view of madness is less compromising, and this is to be expected considering the Stoic doctrine that all who are unwise are mad. Like earlier Stoics, however, Epictetus recognises a surprising range of non-Stoic distinctions within madness. Although he engages with these distinctions, he does so only to undermine them and to bring his audience round to the realisation that they are mad once their own views are applied consistently with respect to Stoic teaching.
2019-04-04T11:52:16Z
2019-04-04T11:52:16Z
2019-06-27
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17447
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17447
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
vi, 198 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154842019-03-29T11:58:22Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Philetas of Cos : the poetical fragments
Spanoudakis, Konstantin
Campbell, Malcolm
Boudouris Foundation
University of St Andrews
The greatest impediment in our effort to reconstruct the history of Greek literature of the 4th c. B.C. is the almost complete loss of important poets such as Antimachus of Colophon, a loss which leaves us in the dark as to the conditions that led to the 3rd c. B.C. renaissance. In the times around 300 B.C. leading figures were active in the SE Aegean, the most prominent of whom was Philetas of Cos. Ptolemy I entrusted him with the tutorship of his son Ptolemy II. Philetas was highly esteemed by his compatriots who honoured him with a statue, and by the avant-garde among Hellenistic poets including Callimachus and Theocritus. He wrote hexameters (Hermes), narrative elegy (Demeter), Epigrams and Paegnia and perhaps a Telephus. His Ataktoi Glossai, the first ever collection of recondite dialect vocables, became instantly renowned. But his poetiy did not survive long and is now almost entirely lost; no more than 50 lines survive along with 31 second hand entries of his Atakta mainly from Athenaeus. These were last published and studied by G. Kuchenmiiller in a Berlin 1928 thesis written in Latin, a work nowadays not easily accessible. This new approach to the scanty poetical remains of Philetas brings the study of this key figure up to date, takes into consideration material published since the twenties (including two fragments, three important testimonies, Hellenistic fragments which have become available from papyri, verse-inscriptions and inscriptions from Cos). Evidence from various sources is adduced to reconstruct Philetas' poems (particularly his "Coan" Demeter, to which most of the surviving fragments are attributed) and the key epigram fr. 27 is newly interpreted to show Philetas a Callimachean before Callimachus. A detailed commentary elucidates the wide range of Philetas' sources of inspiration and the largely neglected influence of his work, often followed up to Imperial times. A list of Alleged Testimonia and another of Alleged Ascriptions are provided to discuss pseudo-Philetan references and material.
2018-07-17T12:45:44Z
2018-07-17T12:45:44Z
1997
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15484
en
307 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/176382019-05-05T02:06:16Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on St. Augustine's De Doctrina Christiana book 2, chapters 1-40
Atkinson, Sheila Anne
Ogilvie, R. M. (Robert Maxwell)
The aim of the introduction and commentary is to explore the nature
of the work, its sources and originality and the relationship of its
pagan and Christian background, in addition to elucidating the text
on certain points of content and language. The thesis is not,
therefore, primarily a philological commentary.
The introduction (including the supplement) consists of seven
sections:
A. The Date of the De Doctrina Christiana
B. The Place of the De Doctrina Christiana in Augustine's Thought
C. Augustine, Patristic Exegesis and the De Doctrina Christiana
1. The Aim of the De Doctrina Christiana
2. Augustine's Theory of Signs
3. Language
4. The Manuscripts
The conclusions are:
A. Books 1.3-3.35 were written in 396/7 and books 3.35 - end of 4
in 426/7. The prologue was probably written in 396/7.
B. It was quite natural for Augustine to begin writing on biblical
interpretation and its presentation in 396/7 with his renewed
interest in Scripture and to complete the work in his old age on
discovering it unfinished.
C. Augustine follows the general patristic approach to exegesis
whereby Scripture is interpreted literally and figuratively.
The D.C. does not provide a formal source for the mediaeval
concept of the 'Four Senses' of Scripture.
1. The work is aimed at anyone involved in the serious study of
Scripture and the proclamation of the Gospel.
2. The theory of signs indicates that in terms of structure the work
is typical of technical treatises in antiquity. As regards
content of the theory, there are various similarities with
classical authors: but, although none of these provide a basis
for the whole theory, the relationship to the works of Varro is
such that it seems a more
adequate solution to posit the final part of his De Lingua Latina as a major source, rather than
follow the line of other scholars who credit Augustine with more
originality.
3. The language and style are 'literary' rather than 'popular'.
The Christian idiom is most evident in vocabulary, as one would
expect, when Augustine is writing about specifically Christian
topics.
The commentary bears out these findings, showing Augustine making
an eclectic choice between pagan and Christian elements to suit his
own needs.
Section 4 of the introduction warns against paying too close
attention to the stemmata of the
CC and CSEL editions: contamination
is such that any attempt to organise the relationships of the
manuscripts must be treated with caution.
2019-05-03T10:20:39Z
2019-05-03T10:20:39Z
1980
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17638
en
228 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155122019-03-29T11:58:23Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Tacitus's characteristic exploitation of geographical setting
Morton, Jean Cairistiona
Gratwick, Adrian
The aim of this thesis is to examine Tacitus's treatment of geographical material in his historical works, considering his sources, his methods and his intentions. In the first six chapters, each of which deals with a particular area which Tacitus describes, there is firstly a discussion of what information was available to Tacitus, and of the likelihood that he employed each source. This is followed by an examination of his purposes in including geographical references to the place concerned, then Tacitus's description is considered in greater detail in support of the purpose(s) suggested. Chapters 7 and 8 aim to put Tacitus's treatment of geography into the perspective of historiographical writing by showing the approach taken by the major surviving historians of the Classical period, and the growth of a convention of geographical description. There is an appendix, in tabular form, which outlines the geographical passages in each historian and the proportion which these occupy of the work of each author.
2018-07-17T16:47:12Z
2018-07-17T16:47:12Z
1983
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15512
en
215 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110702019-03-29T11:58:23Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26582019-03-29T11:58:24Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The Emperor Heraclius: investigations into the image of an emperor
Pritchard, David M.
Whitby, Michael
This thesis is an investigation into the image of the emperor
Heraclius as depicted by the ancient sources who cover his reign
(610-641 A. D.). In order to establish the relevant criteria for the
portrayal of an emperor it was first necessary to provide the reader
with a synopsis of writings on the role of the emperor from the time
of Eusebius onwards. The reign of Heraclius was then treated in
roughly chronological fashion, there follow four chapters concerning
the sources' description of his military exploits, his coup, and the
warfare with the Avars and the Persians, including the siege of
Constantinople. Here the discussion concerns the personal role of
Heraclius in events and his culpability for their outcome. Heraclius'
triumph in these wars led him to seek a compromise with the
Monophysite Church that was defeated by opposition from the
Chalcedonian Church in the recently liberated provinces. His failure
to achieve any lasting settlement is then discussed as a reason for the
success of the Arab invasions that followed. Heraclius' reputation as
a reformer, amongst ancient and modern authors alike, is then
considered with special reference to the controversy surrounding the
introduction of the themes. The last chapter is a review of the
interrelationship of all the sources that describe Heraclius' reign, in
an attempt to define their various influences.
2012-06-06T08:58:48Z
2012-06-06T08:58:48Z
1993
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2658
en
337
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154862019-03-29T11:58:25Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The Platonic 'Theages' : an introduction, commentary and critical edition
Joyal, Mark A. J.
Kidd, Ian
University of St Andrews
Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS)
The Theages poses a number of problems for the interpreter of Plato and the Platonic dialogue. Traditionally, the most controversial one concerns the authenticity of the work: is Plato its author, and what criteria may be considered valid and important for settling the debate over authorship. But there are numerous other questions of at least equal significance. What is the purpose for which this dialogue was written, and what is its meaning. Is it merely a patchwork, as is commonly assumed, or does it display a structural unity. How does the Socrates of this work compare with the same character in other Socratic compositions, and what literary qualities can be attributed to the author's portrayal of the dialogue's other personae. How are we to evaluate the lengthy section in the Theages on Socrates' "divine sign". When was this dialogue written. What is its relation to the other works in the Platonic Corpus, to Socratic literature generally, and to philosophical interests at the time of its composition. The introduction and some of the appendices to this thesis attempt to offer answers to these questions, both through a comprehensive review and assessment of the critical literature on the Theages, and through the use of new evidence, argumentation, and interpretation. At the same time, a basis for the analyses offered here (and for future examinations of the Theages) is provided in this study by a detailed line-by-line commentary on the text. The text on which this commentary depends has been established from a fresh collation of all known manuscripts, early printed editions, and ancient testimonia, containing all or part of the Theages. This thesis represents the first attempt, in any language, to undertake the above programme of work on a definitive scale.
2018-07-17T13:12:17Z
2018-07-17T13:12:17Z
1988
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15486
en
476 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/233232021-06-08T12:37:26Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Athlete and polis : the relationship between athletes and cities in the epigraphic record of the Late Hellenistic and Imperial periods
Mouratidis, Georgios
König, Jason
Alfred Dunhill Links Foundation
This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the epigraphic record for athletes from the Late Hellenistic and Imperial periods. It argues that if we examine the athletic source material in full, we will see that there is great variety in the styles of athletic self-representation, and that often different aspects of athletic identity are emphasized in different kinds of honorific evidence. Chapter 2 examines inscribed athletic epigrams: it aims to shed light on the many facets of athletic identity that they construct, and explores the many artful techniques they use in order to project the various personas of their honorees more effectively. Chapter 3 moves on to examine prose athletic inscriptions, and more specifically a new kind of inscription, involving extensive listing of victories and citizenships, that emerges during the Imperial period, and demonstrates how this body of evidence gives us a taste of the experience of being Greek under Rome. Chapter 4 examines how textual portrayals of athletics varied significantly across different regions of the empire, and argues that athletic victory in Macedonia did not have the same strong impact on the civic life of the polis as in other regions of the Greek speaking world, for example Ionia. The thesis also aims to illustrate, more broadly, the way in which epigraphic portrayals of athletes are intertwined with important contemporary debates about elite self-representation, political culture, and issues of the negotiation of Hellenic identity in the Roman Empire. Throughout, inscriptions are examined not just as sources of information, but for their rhetoric, as texts that project powerful views of the world in their own right, in the process shedding new light on the many different roles played by athletes in their interactions with their cities and other communities during the Late Hellenistic and Imperial periods.
2021-06-07T15:21:42Z
2021-06-07T15:21:42Z
2020-12-02
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23323
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/70
en
2025-12-11
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 11th December 2025
xiii, 317 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154342019-03-29T11:58:26Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The syntax of postpositives in classical greek prose
Marshall, Morrison H. B.
Postpositives (in particular, aut-, u-, av, tls) , which do not stand in initial position, have a strong traditional tendency in early Greek word-order to stand in 'peninitial' (second) position; but by classical times this has been modified by frequent 'deferment' to later positions. The thesis is a preliminary to a study of the causes of deferment through comparison of peninitial and deferred instances in which the author has free choice between different word-orders, i.e. is constrained neither by rules associated with his dialect or period nor by habitual formulae. Rules, which reduce the number of 'possible' positions, are listed, and their exceptions studied, in Chapter Two, and Formulae, which may explain, by attraction to the position following particular words, individual cases of both peninitial position and deferment, in Chapter Three. In Chapter One, possible causes of deferment are discussed: 'unit-formation', 'colon-formation', 'formulaism', Comparison of passages in Homer and Herodotus suggests that in many cases these overlap, different causes reinforcing each other; this will make it difficult to eliminate the possibility that further causes may exist. Despite grounds for doubting that grammatical relations determine word-order, there are many cases where a deferred postpositive follows its most closely-related verb; it is revealed that the change from prevalence of peninitial position in Homer to deferment in Herodotus is accompanied more than anything else by an increase in the order verb--postpositive. This theme is continued in Chapter Two with the discovery in Rules XXIV ff. that not only does av not come later than directly after its verb but the others studied are similarly influenced by elements, verbal or substantial, to which they 'belong'; thus the problem of relations with the verb reduces in normal usage to two possibilities, either somewhere before or directly after; the latter is a primary phenomenon compatible with peninitial position but often causing deferment. The tables proving Rules XXV ff. reveal interesting patterns which may be stylometrically useful. In Chapter Four, the conclusions are summed up, and some applied to textual problems in the texts mainly studied (Thucydides, Plato, Demosthenes) and tentatively to detecting discrepancies of style in the spurious and suspected works of the Platonic corpus.
2018-07-16T14:32:01Z
2018-07-16T14:32:01Z
1978
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15434
en
1 v.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26332019-03-29T11:58:28Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Communities of the blessed : the origins and development of regional churches in Northern Italy, c.250 - 381 C.E.
Humphries, Mark
Harries, Jill
This thesis argues that the origins and evolution of Christian communities in
Northern Italy between c. 250 and 381 are comprehensible only within the region's
social environment. Whereas previous studies of early Christianity in Italy have
sought to explain its origins in terms of modern diocesan structures, this thesis
shows that the evidence for this view is untrustworthy and that a new methodology
is needed to explain the rise of the church. To this end, the thesis describes the
'north Italian human environment', which consists not just of the physical
landscape, but of the social networks within it. This environment allows an
understanding of why Christian communities had developed in some places and not
in others by c. 300.
The development of the church continued to be influenced by this human
environment in the fourth century. Christian diffusion remained a partial and
variable phenomenon. In the cities Christians found themselves confronted by the
adherents of other religions, notably Judaism. Thus, in the fourth century,
Christians did not yet dominate the communities in which they lived. Moreover,
the active participation in ecclesiastical affairs of emperors after Constantine - particularly
the intervention of Constantius II in Italy during the 350s - added a new
dimension to the human environment. Such interventions defined how north Italian
Christianity came into contact with ecclesiastical and theological affairs throughout
the empire. In sum, the history of early Christianity in northern Italy is
circumscribed by the social environment within which it developed. This thesis
argues that for northern Italy - indeed for the rest of the Mediterranean - a proper
understanding of Christian growth can only come from an appreciation of the
particular social context of the region within which it occurred.
2012-06-05T08:06:56Z
2012-06-05T08:06:56Z
1997
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2633
en
359
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26442019-03-29T11:58:29Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A literary study of Pindar's fourth and fifth Pythian odes
Longley-Cook, Isobel A.
Carey, Christopher
Pythian 4 is Pindar's grandest ode. It was commissioned along
with Pythian 5 to celebrate the chariot victory at Delphi of Arcesilas IV of
Cyrene. The lengthy myth of Pythian 4 narrates the tale of Jason and the
Argonauts, long established in the Greek mythic tradition. Pindar's
treatment of this tradition to create his myth is examined. It reveals much
about his aims in writing the ode, in particular in the characterisation of
his hero, Jason, and his opponent, Pelias. The poem's structure and the
narrative technique employed in the myth are also examined. A
remarkable feature of Pythian 4 is its epic flavour. Analysis of Pindar's
production of this effect reveals many different devices which would
remind his audience of epic, not least a singular concentration of epic
language in the ode. The epilogue of Pythian 4 refers to the contemporary
political situation in Cyrene. The poet's presentation and use of this
material is assessed in the light of his treatment of contemporary
allusions elsewhere in the odes.
The complex relationship between the two odes for Arcesilas is
considered in the light of other double commissions. Pythian 4 contains an
unusual plea for an exile, Damophilus. He may have paid for the ode. The
unusual features of Pythian 5 are examined: an extraordinary tribute to
Arcesilas' charioteer, Carrhotus; vivid and numerous details of the
topography of Cyrene and details of religious cult practice there. Pythian 5
also raises the question of the identity of the first person in Pindar. The
poet's treatment of Cyrenean history, especially the figure of Battus, the
victor's ancestor, who features in the myths of both odes, is also
considered.
2012-06-05T11:35:38Z
2012-06-05T11:35:38Z
1989
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2644
en
333
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155012019-03-29T11:58:30Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on select 'Epistles' of Horace
Davidson, Graham Donald Forbes
Smith, Martin S.
Scottish Education Department
Horace's first book of Epistles comprise twenty poems which purport to be written by him to persons of varying ages and stations in life. They are not real letters, but rather are so shaped as to give the flavour of a letter. However, while they are artfully contrived, there is no reason to doubt that each addressee was a real person, and it is the clear personal element which is one of their most attractive features. I have selected two epistles which well illustrate Horace's capacity to relate to other people, while at the same time revealing something of his own self. Epistle l.4- shows his concern for his contemporary and fellow poet, Tibullus, and culminates in the carpe diem advice which Horace had expressed often in his Odes 1-3, published prior to the Epistles. His invitation to Tibullus recalls the sympotic motif familiar in many Odes where reflections on the shortness and precariousness of life lead to a summons to enjoy the present positively. Sociability and friendship will bring Tibullus out of himself. Repeatedly in the Epistles we see Horace stressing the value of friendship, and it is this aspect of human relations which reveals something of the poet's own sense of values and priorities. In contrast to the whimsical and gently teasing tone of Ep. 1.4 (where Horace is dealing with a social equal and cultured figure from the literary world) to his vilicus shows Horace as the master dealing with a recalcitrant slave who is dissatisfied with his posting to the country. Horace firmly encourages him to a more reasonable view of his position and superbly shows his versatility in adapting his style and language to the level of a mere slave and social inferior. The theme of discontent with one's lot recalls several Odes, while the city versus country theme recurs in several Epistles, notably 1.7 and 1.10, it recalls one of his favourite themes of the 30's; cf. Sat. 2.6 and Epode 2 where Horace yearned for the countryside, and a life of leisured otium. Both Epistles demonstrate the range of Horace's correspondence, and his prescription for bringing his addressees to an awareness of the best way to happiness and contentment.
2018-07-17T15:07:16Z
2018-07-17T15:07:16Z
1988
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15501
en
186 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/138182019-03-29T11:58:31Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Other times, other customs? : analysing the 'Gesta Roberti Wiscardi'
Titchen, John William
This thesis approaches the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi as a means of gaining an insight into the cultural values of its author and intended audience. A detailed study is made of the various role models within the poem: the ideal soldier, the good lord, the role of women in society, and the perception of priests and the papacy. In addition to this the text is used to establish racial stereotypes for the following groups of peoples: the Germans, Sicilians, Seljuqs, Greeks, Italians, Venetians and Normans. The significance of the characterisation of individuals who are portrayed in a manner inconsistent with their racial stereotype is also examined. The thesis re-examines the evidence in the text and in other document sources concerning the author of the poem and establishes a viable identification. A new interpretation of the role of the two patrons. Urban II and Roger Borsa, is also discussed. The question of the consistency of style in William of Apulia's poem is also addressed and set in the context of the subject matter and intent of the work. Finally a discussion is made of the evidence for the use of William as a source by three subsequent historians: Robert of Torigni, Suger of St Denis and Anna Comnena. This thesis draws attention to further use of the Gesta by Robert than previously realised and for the first time forwards a concrete case for its use by the latter two authors.
2018-06-07T12:45:15Z
2018-06-07T12:45:15Z
2002
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13818
en
259 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154492019-03-29T11:58:32Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Euripidean lyric metres : a classification
Itsumi, Kiichiro
Craik, Elizabeth M.
In this thesis two branches of Euripidean lyric metres are discussed: aeolic and prosodiac-enoplian. A. M. Dale established aeolo-choriambic and prosodiac-enoplian as genera subsuming as species a number of various forms previously treated separately. She also treated both of these under the same name, aeolic. But whether each form should be grouped within these two genera, and whether both genera should be taken as aeolic, still lacked thorough examination. The first task of classification is to collect every parallel of each form. The scope is restricted to Euripidean odes, but Aeshylean and Sophoclean passages are taken into account as much as possible, especially in Part II. Part I treats glyconics and related metres. The decision as to which metre is associated with glyconics relies on basically two criteria: metrical context and similarity of forms. After a survey of the metrical construction of each ode, the general characteristics of aeolic metres, such as aeolic base, are examined with statistics. Then the manner of Euripidean usage is described metre by metre with a list of all examples. Part II is devoted to prosodiac-enoplian. Prosodiac-enoplian is associative with dochmiacs, especially in duets and a certain kind of choral odes, while aeolic (in the narrower sense) is quite alien in these odes. After the classification of predecessors is surveyed, each form which is classified in the genus 'prosodiac-enoplian' by Dale is subdivided from the point of similarity of form. Every occurrence of each form is examined in the Notes. Metrical context is given special attention. The classification adopted here is considerably different from that of Dale, in that it is argued that cola can and should be taken as meaningful units for analysis of tragic metres. The central figures of prosodiac-enoplian are … [illegible]. The second of these has been overlooked; but parallelism with the first may be observed not only in structure of these and their compounds but also in usage. They are followed by another colon to make a dicolon as well as prolonged by suffix. Unlike the work of Wilamowitz and Schroeder, this thesis refrains from historical speculation. An appendix on the 'choriambic dimeter' and an index of discussed passages is attached.
2018-07-16T16:56:40Z
2018-07-16T16:56:40Z
1983
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15449
en
xiv, 578 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19662021-02-02T03:02:40Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The sources of royal power : a study on the migration of power structures from the kingdom of Argead Makedonia to early Ptolemaic Egypt
Lianou, Margarita
Lewis, Sian
This thesis discusses the sources of royal power in the kingdoms of Argead Makedonia
and early Ptolemaic Egypt. The overarching aim is to assess the degree of change and
continuity between the structures and networks that framed Argead and Ptolemaic
royal power.
Viewing power not as an abstraction but as the outcome of the real and observable
interrelations between individuals and groups, this thesis builds upon the historical
sociology of Michael Mann in order to identify four main sources of royal power:
dynastic, courtly, military and economic. In their capacity to enhance or limit royal
power, the social networks that are formed between the king and representatives of
these groups in each context, as well as the structures that produce and reproduce
their behaviour, form the focal points of this research. As such, this thesis distances
itself from that segment of socio-historical tradition, which grants ultimate primacy to
human agency.
The Introduction presents the main scholarly debates surrounding the nature of
Ptolemaic and Argead kingship and highlights the fact that although both have
received considerable attention separately, they have not yet been the focus of a
systematic, comparative analysis. At the same time, this chapter brings in the
theoretical and methodological framework employed in the thesis. Chapter One
discusses the structural organisation of the dynasty, focusing on patterns of marriage
and succession, and the manipulation of dynastic connections, real or constructed, as
instruments of legitimation. It is argued that the colonial circumstances in early
Ptolemaic Egypt led to an amplification of the importance of the dynasty as a source
of power. Chapter Two examines the interrelations of the ruler with his extended
circle of friends and associates, i.e. the courtiers. A discussion of the physical and
social structure of the courts in Aigai, Pella and Alexandria in the early Ptolemaic
period confirms that administration at the highest level continued to be organised
around personal relations. Chapter Three identifies the enabling mechanisms, which
sustained the military power of the Makedonian king. It is argued that royal military
leadership and the integration of facets of military organisation (e.g. the institution of
klerouchia) and values (through education) in society remained integral to the social organisation of early Ptolemaic Egypt. Finally, Chapter Four examines the economic
power of the ruler, as revealed by the organisation of property rights. The absence of
the Makedones and the prominence of temples as economically significant groups in
early Ptolemaic Egypt underline the structural discontinuities that arise from the
necessary adaptation to different local conditions.
This thesis concludes that the structures that framed Argead royal power were in their
majority remembered and instantiated in the organisational practices of the early
Ptolemaic rulers. Deviations from the Argead paradigm occurred when pragmatism
led to the introduction of corrective practices, such as the co-regency principle aimed
at eradicating the dynastic instability that had plagued the Argead monarchy, and
when ecological and political considerations, such as the needs of their non-Hellenic,
non-Makedonian audience, dictated a greater degree of accommodation to local
conditions, especially in the field of economic organisation. Even there, however, one
can discern the influence of the flexible, all-inclusive model of Argead administration
of its New Lands as an organisational template.
2011-08-11T11:40:25Z
2011-08-11T11:40:25Z
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1966
en
ix, 272 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/219112022-01-13T10:36:04Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The symposium and komos in Aristophanes
Pütz, Babette
Halliwell, Francis Stephen
This thesis looks at the symposium and komos in Aristophanes and the comic fragments from two angles, considering the use of these forms of celebration to help shape a play's plot or to depict characters, and discussing the information found in comedy on some practical sympotic matters. The thesis explores the context of relevant scenes, the activities shown, their humour, and the social status of their characters. From this conclusions are drawn about the audience's sympotic-komastic knowledge. Both events serve mainly to express happiness in a particular dramatic context, usually celebrating a protagonist's achievement and depicting its results. They also generally help to create an atmosphere of exuberance, fitting the ethos of comedy. Both celebrations can accordingly be employed for their comic value alone, particularly when festive mockery is involved, including jokes about characters or public figures. However, excessive enjoyment of festive pleasures is also presented as turning into the self-centredness of certain characters, and distortions of sympotic and komastic practice can hint at disorder. Aristophanes' plays can be divided into three groups, depending on which circumstances make the partying possible, i.e. an achievement of peace, a change of other outer circumstances, or a character's maturation and its effects. Mostly aristocratic symposia are shown, but also some low-class celebrations. Furthermore, it is striking how detailed a sympotic knowledge some low-class characters display. Aristocratic symposia in comedy focus chiefly on their luxuriousness, which helps to draw attention to differences between characters' social status or to foreground a fortunate change of events. Lower class symposia focus on communality and on the pleasurable life of a group of characters. Komoi too appear in several varieties, ranging from dignified religious events to violent perversions. They support and reinforce the functions of symposia in the plays.
2021-04-08T08:59:22Z
2021-04-08T08:59:22Z
2001
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21911
en
290p
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/94272019-03-29T11:58:32Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Contextualising Classics teaching in Malawi : a comparative study
Nyamilandu, Steve Evans McRester Trinta
Rees, Roger
Chimombo, Moira
Scotland Malawi Partnership
Contextualising classics
Comparative education
Classics education
Comparisons of university Classics programmes
Classical studies in Malawi
Malawian Classics learners attitudes
The thesis of this study is that Classical studies at the University of Malawi, Chancellor College, has been taught with almost no reference to its African context, yet the Classical world, as Ogilvie (1979:2) observed ‘is far removed in time, geography, and philosophy from the world of Africa’. Classics in Malawi is currently taught as in the West, with which it has immediate ties, but if there are to be meaningful gains on the part of students learning Classics in Malawi, we need to contextualise its teaching. The purpose of this study was to identify ways in which Classics teaching at undergraduate level in Malawi might be strengthened in order to make the learning of Classics more meaningful and relevant to the Malawian context, by bridging the gaps between Classical Antiquity and African cultures. The comparative approaches explored will facilitate revision of the University of Malawi Classical Studies curriculum to fulfil the needs and interests of Malawians with the main purpose of contextualising Classical Studies in Malawi. The thesis consists of five chapters which deal with issues relating to Classics teaching in Malawi, namely: the evolution of Classical Studies in Malawi and its challenges; the need to change with the times; views of Latin/Classics teachers about Latin teaching at secondary level; attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate Classics students at Chancellor College to Classics, their perceptions about skills and Classics teaching in general; and views from Classicists from other universities on Classics teaching in general. The main comparative element in the thesis draws on analysis of similar issues in a wide variety of other institutions, including in the UK, the USA, Asia and Africa. Literature relating to Classics pedagogy and Comparative Education approaches, specifically Bereday’s Model, has been reviewed. In addition, Classical Reception theory and Social Constructivism theory, particularly with regard to pedagogy, have been surveyed. The study used purposive sampling. Five types of samples and their corresponding data capturing instruments were used, broken down in the following categories: two types of interviews (one involving Malawian Latin or Classics teachers at secondary level, and the other universities’ Classics lecturers); review of various documents of international universities’ Classics programmes; lecture observations for Classics; and student questionnaire interviews administered to University of Malawi Classics students. The research was a mixed-method design, combining both quantitative and qualitative data analysis, but overall, the study was more qualitative than quantitative. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analysed using the thematic analysis method. These analyses were followed by discussions of the findings of both quantitative and qualitative data. The major conclusions and implications of the study point to the need for a curriculum review of all Classics courses to ensure that Classics becomes more relevant in the Malawian context.
2016-09-05T15:29:42Z
2016-09-05T15:29:42Z
2016-05-18
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9427
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
xvii, 253 p.
The University of St Andrews
University of Malawi. Chancellor College
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/145362019-03-29T11:58:33Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on Plautus' 'Aulularia'
Walker, Joanne
Gratwick, Adrian
Arts and Humanities Research Board
This thesis provides a commentary on Plautus' Aulularia. In the introduction I examine the key themes and issues of Aulularia, in particular the two main textual problems of the names of the slaves and the lost ending, and the two main themes of communication and religion. The introduction also examines the characters of the play, some aspects relating to the Greek model, the main features of Plautine Latin, and the MSS tradition. However, there is not an attempt either to discover exactly what Plautus wrote, or to reconstruct the Greek model. The commentary focuses on the explanation of lines which are difficult or unusual linguistically, metrically, or textually, but also discusses social and historical themes as they arise, which are not examined in the introduction. Thus I have aimed to investigate technical aspects in detail, while keeping in mind a broader perspective, which enables one to discover the themes of the play. These themes have been emphasised in order to create a form useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, since the ultimate aim is to publish the commentary. At the end of the commentary there is a conspectus metrorum, which aims to provide a starting-point for an investigation of the metre of the play, rather than a definitive analysis. It is the aim of this commentary and introduction to aid appreciation and understanding of the material that survives to us, while not forgetting that it does not exist in isolation from its Greek model, but recognising that there is value in a study of this play for itself, whether or not Plautus remained close to or deviated much from his Greek model.
2018-06-25T12:32:49Z
2018-06-25T12:32:49Z
2005
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14536
en
523 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113402019-03-29T11:58:34Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Julia Domna
Rae, Nellie Finlay Crighton
Rose, H. J.
Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland
Julia Domna, Empress, consort of Severus, Lucius Septimius, Emperor of Rome, (170-217 A.D.)
2017-08-01T13:24:53Z
2017-08-01T13:24:53Z
1931
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11340
en
192 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/177762021-03-15T15:56:15Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
When is Rome? : developments in Roman civic identity during the Archaic Period (c.650 - c.350 BC)
Crooks, James Andrew
Smith, Christopher John
König, Jason
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
Rome
Roman
Identity
Archaic
Twelve Tables
Archaeology
This study investigates the origins and growth of civic identity at Rome during the city’s initial phases in the mid-seventh to the mid-fourth century BC. Although the development of Roman identity in the face of Rome’s wider Mediterranean expansion in the third and second centuries has received much scholarly attention, the early stages of the development – the foundations of this identity - have been largely neglected.
From the mid-seventh to the early-fifth century, the community at Rome seems to have gained an increasingly centralised focus. Discrete hilltop hut settlements give way to a more unified community centred around a newly created neutral area – the Forum Romanum. This new centralised focus may be indicative of the development of some form of communal identity at the site. The key to understanding this communal identity may lie in the complex social structure of archaic society in and around the site and the articulation of the community through foreign policy during this period. Although Comitia played a significant role in the development of the community, the evidence seems to indicate the central importance of one institution to its conceptualisation – the rex.
The evidence for this centralised focus, however, disappears early in the fifth century. Documentary evidence from the Twelve Tables does not provide any evidence for a strong conceptualisation of community. Furthermore, despite its unreliability, the literary evidence seems to suggest that throughout the fifth and fourth centuries, the community at Rome underwent a series of significant changes geared around the renegotiation of the connection between individuals and the community in the aftermath of the overthrow of the monarchy. This period of reconstruction of community laid the groundwork for the expansion of Rome throughout Italy and onto the wider Mediterranean political scene.
2019-05-29T10:12:19Z
2019-05-29T10:12:19Z
2019-06-27
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17776
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17776
en
2024-05-24
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 24th May 2024
x, 207 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/201032023-11-28T03:02:23Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Representations of Idomeneus in Graeco-Roman sources and their reception in the West, to 1720
McLaren, Colin Andrew
Hesk, Jon
Buckley, Emma
Classical reception
Classical tradition
Classical literature in translation
The dissertation examines representations of Idomeneus, and of the myths and traditions associated with him, in Graeco-Roman literature, and their reception in the West (represented by Italy, France, Germany and England). It takes the following form: Chapter 1, the representations and their cultural significance; Chapter 2, the representation of Idomeneus in the Iliad; Chapter 3, accretive representations of Idomeneus, principally from Late Antiquity; Chapter 4, the transmission of the accretive representations to the West, their accessibility through vernacular translation and their assimilation in contemporary literature; Chapter 5, the transmission of the Iliadic representation of Idomeneus to the West, through the publication of the epic, first in an academic format, latterly as polite literature; Chapter 6, the association of Iliadic and accretive representations in literature and drama between 1699 and 1720; Chapter 7, summary and conclusion.
The dissertation addresses hitherto under-explored issues in the representation of Idomeneus. These include his limitations as an aristos in the Iliad; his gradual detachment from his associate, Meriones; his prominence in the English ‘interlude’, Horestes (1567); his treatment in Italian and French burlesque of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; his representation in fin-dix-septième French drama; and in Alexander Pope’s enlightened character study of 1720. These are supplemented by assessments of the impact of authorial/editorial omissions, paraphrases and interpolations on the representations; and of Idomeneus’ visibility in text, paratext and early ‘books of reference’, compared with that of his fellow-aristoi, the Aiantes, Diomedes, Nestor and Odysseus.
2020-06-18T15:35:43Z
2020-06-18T15:35:43Z
2020-07-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20103
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-20103
en
Embargo period has ended, thesis made available in accordance with University regulations
xi, 228 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29682019-03-29T11:58:35Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on Q. Curtius Rufus 'Historiae Alexandri' Book X
Dempsie, William Alan Robert
George, P. A.
This thesis consists of a text and commentary on Book Ten of Quintus Curtius Rufus'
His toriae Alexandri Magni Macedonis; the work was probably written in the middle of the
first century A.D. The main body of the commentary deals with linguistic, stylistic and
historical matters; each episode is preceded by a more general introduction to the issues
involved. In addition, there is an introduction, dealing with the manuscript tradition, the
date of composition, the identity of the writer, the popularity of Alexander as an exemplum
in Rome and contemporary historical and biographical practices. There are three appendices:
the first deals with Curtius' sources and includes detailed tables in which the five main
Alexander sources are compared throughout Book Ten; the second brings together elements of
contemporary political allusion in Book Ten and attempts to draw a conclusion concerning the
undoubted similarities between the accessions of Arrhidaeus, Alexander's brother, and the
emperor Claudius; the third compares Curtius' preferences for certain clausulae with that of
other writers. At the end, there is an index nominum and an index rerum.
2012-07-12T12:25:29Z
2012-07-12T12:25:29Z
1992
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2968
en
309p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/97222019-03-29T11:58:35Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Virtue and honour : the gender division ; Aeschylus' Oresteia
Bauman, Lynn M. A.
Hesk, Jon
Clytemnestra is first associated with Agamemnon's murder in Homer's
‘Odyssey’, though her participation in the deed is ambiguous, until Agamemnon
reveals that she was an active agent. He compares his faithless wife to
Odysseus' Penelope, who represents the 'perfect' wife in her behaviour. A brief
examination of Penelope and of her fidelity to her absent husband reveals a series
of duties that comprise wifely virtues in a woman.
It has long been recognized that Aeschylus' ‘Oresteia’ is written through
and against paradigms derived from the ‘Odyssey’. I argue that Clytemnestra can
only be properly understood with reference to the virtues attributed to Penelope.
An important but often neglected motivation for her revenge against
Agamemnon lies in his failure to acknowledge his wife's virtue, by killing
Iphigeneia and bringing Cassandra into the oikos as a concubine.
Aeschylus uses society's expectations of the virtues of a wife and creates
the terrifying character of a woman who throws away virtue to possess honour. I
examine the ‘Agamemnon’ to highlight Clytemnestra's attempts to redefine herself
as worthy of masculine honour, through her `manly' behaviour, both in word and
action, in reaction to Agamemnon's disregard for Clytemnestra's wifely virtue.
The consequences of Clytemnestra's rejection of virtue is at the heart of the
‘Choephoroi’; her children suffer from her disavowal of the duties of wife and
mother. Orestes returns to avenge his father; to punish the mother who was no
mother to him, and her lover; to set his disordered oikos to rights. The ‘Eumenides’ completes the marginalization of Clytemnestra, as she is replaced by
the Erinyes and Athena, and her desire for honour and vengeance is replaced by
the larger issue of the place of vengeance in society, and returning the oikos to its
original order.
2016-10-28T12:19:13Z
2016-10-28T12:19:13Z
2004
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9722
en
140 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/36542019-03-29T11:58:35Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Cult associations in the post-classical polis
Steinhauer, Julietta
Woolf, Greg
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
This thesis investigates the emergence, spread and characteristics of voluntary associations in the Greek cities of the Aegean world in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It is based on archaeological and epigraphic evidence and contains two case studies on Athens and Delos and three thematic chapters.
The first chapter provides an introduction and definition of the subject matter, material, methods and state of research and the leading questions. The second chapter is a case study in which the evidence referring to voluntary associations in post-classical Athens is analysed. Chapter three comprises another case-study, investigating the evidence from Delos. Chapter four investigates the people involved in voluntary associations from founders to benefactors and ordinary members. I compare the evidence from various places and cults, focusing on the origins of people and their choice of deity. The fifth chapter discusses the location of buildings within cities, the kinds of building and facilities used by voluntary associations, and possible patterns in the structure of buildings. In chapter six I analyse the relationship between voluntary associations and civic institutions in the cities of Athens, Delos and Rhodes. Chapter seven provides a conclusion of the thesis.
The concept of the voluntary association offered worshippers in Greek poleis an opportunity to establish a religious identity that was characterised by new social spaces, new rituals and new approaches to older rituals that had previously not been provided by the polis religion. The successful establishment of a voluntary association was secured by various factors, yet one main concept seems pre-eminent: by using the pre-existing terminology and categories of civic institutions of each polis for their own purposes, voluntary associations of worshippers paved a way of communicating with both the civic authorities and individual inhabitants. In doing so, they also signalled openness to their environment, an aspect of particular importance to those worshippers who had immigrated to a new city.
2013-06-10T13:53:43Z
2013-06-10T13:53:43Z
2013
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3654
en
202
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/172952023-12-18T12:48:16Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Setting limits, pushing boundaries: Tacitus’ 'Agricola' and the simulacrum of history
González Rojas, Pablo Javier
König, Alice
Chile. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
Tacitus
Agricola
Roman historiography
Biography
War narratives
This thesis investigates the generic hybridity of Tacitus’ Agricola, a text whose experimental nature still represents a literary puzzle, not only within Tacitus’ historiographical output, but also as a piece of Roman literature produced during the Imperial period. This research aims to look more closely at the interpretative potential of the generic overlapping taking place in the Agricola, arguing that the text exhibits an author thinking and operating historiographically within the frame of a Roman vita.
How does the generic instability of the Agricola affect its interpretability? I shall demonstrate that the experimentation readers can perceive in the Agricola at the level of forms emphasises the question of how to represent the past under autocratic regimes, especially from a senatorial perspective. I argue that Tacitus’ first work is a sophisticated metaphor in that it depicts Agricola setting the limits of the empire, and at the same time it envisages the Agricola pushing the boundaries of genre – which accordingly calls into question the very function of history writing in Tacitus’ day.
By analysing the text’s macro and micro-structures (from the structural rings down to sentence structure), this thesis will illustrate the way in which the Agricola exhibits a war narrative embedded within a biography. Furthermore, by reading Tacitus’ Agricola in its historico-literary setting, this thesis will contribute to advance our understanding of the phenomenon of transitions as experienced by Romans during the Imperial age. Particularly in the Agricola, the aesthetics of transition exhibits the manner in which literature is employed to provide successive political crises with a palliative and coherent narrative, making sense of the change and asserting the role Tacitus and his peers must perform within the new historico-literary landscape.
2019-03-15T15:25:53Z
2019-03-15T15:25:53Z
2019-06-27
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17295
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17295
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2029-02-20
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 20th February 2029
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
101 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9282019-07-01T10:06:01Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
After the daggers : politics and persuasion after the assassination of Caesar
Mahy, Trevor Bryan
Smith, Christopher John
Woolf, Greg
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Ronald Morton Smith Scholarship Fund
Miller-Lyell Scholarship Fund
University of St Andrews
Rome -- History -- Republic, 44 - 43 BC
Rome -- Politics & government -- Republic, 44 - 43 BC
Persuasion (Rhetoric)
Oratory, Ancient
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Brutus, Marcus Iunius
In this thesis, I examine the nature and role of persuasion in Roman politics in the period immediately following the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March 44 B.C. until the capture of the city of Rome by his heir Octavianus in August 43 B.C. The purpose of my thesis is to assess the extent to which persuasion played a critical role in political interactions and in the decision-making processes of those involved during this crucial period in Roman history. I do this by means of a careful discussion and analysis of a variety of different types of political interactions, both public and private. As regards the means of persuasion, I concentrate on the role and use of oratory in these political interactions. Consequently, my thesis owes much in terms of approach to the work of Millar (1998) and, more recently, Morstein-Marx (2004) on placing oratory at the centre of our understanding of how politics functioned in practice in the late Roman republic. Their studies, however, focus on the potential extent and significance of mass participation in the late Roman republican political system, and on the contio as the key locus of political interaction. In my thesis, I contribute to improving our new way of understanding late Roman republican politics by taking a broader approach that incorporates other types of political interactions in which oratory played a significant role. I also examine oratory as but one of a variety of means of persuasion in Roman political interactions. Finally, in analyzing politics and persuasion in the period immediately after Caesar’s assassination, I am examining not only a crucial period in Roman history, but one which is perhaps the best documented from the ancient world. The relative richness of contemporary evidence for this period calls out for the sort of close reading of sources and detailed analysis that I provide in my thesis that enables a better understanding of how politics actually played out in the late Roman republic.
2010-06-22T09:33:45Z
2010-06-22T09:33:45Z
2010-06-22
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/928
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
x + 340
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154452019-03-29T11:58:37Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Aspects of the vocabulary of Aeschylus
Kapsomenos, Antonios
Dover, Kenneth James
British Council
2018-07-16T15:53:45Z
2018-07-16T15:53:45Z
1977
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15445
en
1 v. (c. 559 p.)
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/36492019-03-29T11:58:37Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Footsteps of the dead : iconography of beliefs about the afterlife and evidence for funerary practices in Etruscan Tarquinia
Weir, Allison Jean
Woolf, Greg
Thomas and Margaret Roddan Trust
Classical Association of Canada
Weidemann Trust Fund
This thesis is a study of Etruscan attitudes to the afterlife, based on analysis of
the funerary archaeology, architecture, and iconography of death from the ancient city
of Tarquinia. The focus on one settlement allowed for a more precise reconstruction of
funerary attitudes; it also avoided the pitfalls of approaching Etruscan civilisation as uniform and homogeneous across its varied city-states; and it made clear when particular beliefs about the afterlife changed or developed. After a general discussion of approaches to the subject in the published literature and of the specific conditions at the site of Tarquinia, it proceeds through a series of case studies chosen from each of the
major periods of Etruscan civilisation from the Villanovan to the Hellenistic period. The
analysis is based on published excavations and studies, supplemented by fieldwork
conducted in Rome and at Tarquinia. The case studies were chosen based on the type of
information that they can give about the way the underworld was imagined. No one tomb can be used to illustrate the entire set of beliefs and traditions that occurred at one
time. Throughout the course of this study, I focus on the changes and developments of
funerary traditions over the nine centuries of Etruscan civilisation at Tarquinia.
The main finding to emerge from these studies relates to the long term stability
of funerary practices at Tarquinia. As elsewhere in Etruria, there are changes in the scale and design of tombs and in the subjects and manner of their decoration. Yet it is difficult to identify any sudden discontinuities of practice. In a number of cases, it is argued that motifs that are well attested only in later periods can already be seen in the earlier material, while few themes introduced into the repertoire are ever completely lost. Rather, the same motifs are occasionally represented in different form from period to period. Whether the explanation is to be sought in the conservative influence of a small number of ruling families, or in the absence of social revolutions of the kind that
characterised some Greek poleis, or in a conscious desire to preserve local, i.e.
Tarquinian, traditions and styles, it seems that the history of Etruscan death is –in this case at least –not to be written in terms of dramatic changes so much as of gradual evolution and development. On this basis, a tentative account of the (local) Etruscan underworld is offered as it emerges from material drawn from all the periods studied.
2013-06-10T11:33:39Z
2013-06-10T11:33:39Z
2013
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3649
en
xiii, 259
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/188632019-11-06T15:43:48Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Space, memory and ideology in Statius' 'Silvae' : applying Nora's concept of lieux de mémoire to a Flavian poet
Schuurmans Stekhoven, Coen Willem
Buckley, Emma
VSBfonds
Stichting Vrijvrouwe van Renswoude
Dr. Hendrik Muller Fonds
Stichting De Hertoghin
Bekker-La Bastide Fonds
Stichting Noorthey
In my thesis I investigate the interaction between space, memory and ideology in Statius ‘Silvae’.
Previous scholarship on the ‘Silvae’ tends to focus on matters of ideology, perceiving Statius’
encomiastic message as either subservient of submissive. I try to get away from this two-sided
debate by focusing on Statius’ use of memory instead, using the concept of lieux de mémoire coined
by the French historian Pierre Nora. As some scholars have noted (most notably Geyssen and
Newlands) the ‘Silvae’ are quite unique in using spatial and architectural descriptions as the main
principle of organization for individual poems. What makes Statius’ approach truly unique in my
opinion, however, is his tendency to tap into memories associated with specific locations. In the
imperial poems of the ‘Silvae’, which are devoted to Domitian, Statius uses these sites of great
symbolical and cultural significance, which Nora would call lieux de mémoire, to evoke images and
concepts in his audience’s mind which are subsequently used to construct new explicitly Domitianic
lieux de mémoire. As I argue, this process can take on four distinct forms or phases: conflict,
appropriation, obliterations, and construction. At the centre of my investigation are three case
studies, three of the four imperial poems of the ‘Silvae’, each representing one particular type of lieu
de mémoire: the monument, the memory landscape, and the ritual/festival. The first chapter
discusses Silv. 1.1 on the ‘Equus Domitiani’, a new monument in the forum that competes with the old
monument and the respective memories that they represent. The second chapter deals with Silv. 4.3
on the new Domitian Highway. This new road activates memories in the Campanian countryside
which are then used by Statius to create a new Domitianic narrative. The last chapter deals with the
imperial palace as described in Silv. 4.2. Here, the omnipresence of Domitian pushes out all other
memories, creating the new ritual of the ‘Epulum Domitiani’ in the process.
2019-11-06T15:42:00Z
2019-11-06T15:42:00Z
2018-12-07
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18863
en
2021-12-06
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 6th December 2021
[5], 88 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9112019-07-01T10:12:24Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
From the Roman Republic to the American Revolution: readings of Cicero in the political thought of James Wilson
Wilson, Laurie Ann
Smith, Christopher John
Harries, Jill
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Constitutionalism
James Wilson
Popular sovereignty
Civic virtue
American founding
As a classical scholar and prominent founding father, James Wilson was at once statesman, judge, and political thinker, who read Cicero as an example worthy of emulation and as a philosopher whose theory could be applied to his own age. Classical reception studies have focused on questions of liberty, civic virtue, and constitutionalism in the American founding, and historians have also noted Wilson’s importance in American history and thought. Wilson’s direct engagement with Cicero’s works, however, and their significance in the formulation of his own philosophy has been long overlooked. My thesis argues that Wilson’s viewpoint was largely based on his readings of Cicero and can only be properly understood within this context. In the first two chapters of my thesis I demonstrate that Wilson not only possessed a wide-ranging knowledge of the classics in general, but also that he borrowed from Cicero’s writings and directly engaged with the texts themselves. Building upon this foundation, chapters three and four examine Cicero’s perspective on popular sovereignty and civic virtue, situate Wilson’s interpretations within contemporary discussions of Roman politics, and analyse the main ways in which he adapts Cicero’s arguments to his own era. Wilson retains a broader faith in the common people than seen in Cicero’s opinions, and he abstracts from Cicero a doctrine of sovereignty as an indivisible principle that is absent in the text; nevertheless, Cicero’s conception of a legitimate state and his insistence on the role of the people provided the foundation for Wilson’s thought and ultimately for his legitimization of the American Revolution. At the same time, like Cicero, Wilson views the stability of the state as resting in the personal virtue of the individual. While his enlightenment philosophy imparts optimism to his conception of the good citizen, his definition of virtue closely follows that of Cicero. As the final chapter of my thesis concludes, their individual interpretations of these theories of popular consent and virtue were instrumental in forming Cicero’s and Wilson’s justifications of civil disobedience.
2010-06-11T14:44:10Z
2010-06-11T14:44:10Z
2010-06
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/911
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
224
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27902019-07-01T10:18:13Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The language of popular politics from the Gracchi to Sulla
Galbraith, Craig
Smith, Christopher John
Harries, Jill
This thesis will add to the debate on the nature of popular politics at Rome from
the time of the Gracchi to Sulla. It examines contemporary evidence in order to
reconstruct the terms in which political discourse was conducted. The period marks a
time of political dynamism in the Republic, prior the fateful precedents set by Sulla, and
falls before the period dominated the Ciceronian corpus. The first aim of the thesis will
be to evaluate and utilize the fragmentary evidence of contemporary oratory in order to
consider the terms in which politicians described themselves and their opponents. This
will allow for a critique of the model of Roman politics derived from Cicero's works
which has been often ascribed to the period. Rather than substantiating the traditional
picture of politics, conducted in terms of the opposition between popularis and optimas,
it reveals that this period is characterized by competition to appropriate the same
rhetorical concepts and identification with the traditional role of the Senate in the res
publica. The second aim is to contribute to the question of the role of ideology in Roman
politics by further demonstrating the existence of a versatile and varied vocabulary
capable of articulating a discourse between different ideological standpoints.
2012-06-15T13:58:14Z
2012-06-15T13:58:14Z
2005
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2790
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
283
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154912019-03-29T11:58:39Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Linguistic and literary studies in the "Epitome historion" of John Zonaras
Grigoriadis, Iordanis
Whitby, Michael
Magdalino, Paul
University of St Andrews
Student Awards Agency for Scotland
John Zonaras, a high-ranking judge, subsequently a monk in the twelfth-century Byzantine Empire, is well known as author of a universal history that stretches from the Creation to his own time and a collection of canon law. His history is regularly used as a historical source, not only for recent and contemporary events but also as the medium through which information from lost early historians (in particular Cassius Dio) is preserved, while his work on canon law shows an uncommon knowledge of the practices of the Byzantine Church. The language of these works, however, has not yet received detailed study. It is the intention of this thesis to remedy this deficiency, thereby attempting to identify and highlight the most important literary features of Zonaras' writings. The Introduction covers a survey of the intellectual currents in the twelfth century, to be followed by a biography of Zonaras and the description of the island of St. Glyceria, the place of his retirement, as it appeared during our visit in summer 1993. Part one studies the prooimion of Zonaras in relation to the prooimia of other eleventh and twelfth-century Byzantine historians. Part two entails a comparative study of Zonaras' history with the work of contemporary historians and non-historians and discusses the subject of the homogeneity of his language. Part three deals with specific linguistic features of Zonaras' style such as wordplay, humour and irony, the use of proverbs, linguistic borrowings from contemporaries, etc. The discussion ends with a Conclusion and an Appendix on the so-called Lexicon Tittmarmianum, a major work of lexicography of disputed authenticity which we argue is probably a genuine work of Zonaras. From the studies in this thesis, it emerges that Zonaras' language reveals the talent of an author who has been unjustly neglected and certainly deserves further attention and exploitation for the benefit of both historians and linguists.
2018-07-17T13:46:47Z
2018-07-17T13:46:47Z
1996
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15491
en
283 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9102019-07-01T10:17:05Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Talking politics : constructing the res publica after Caesar’s assassination
Swithinbank, Hannah J.
Harries, Jill
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Politics
Political thought
Cicero
Sallust
Critical theory
Constitutionalism
Classics
Ancient History
Roman Republic
1st Century B.C.
Caesar
Octavian
The nature of the Republican constitution has been much contested by scholars studying the history of the Roman Republic. In considering the problems of the late Republic, the nature of the constitution is an important question, for if we do not understand what the constitution was, how can we explain Rome’s transition from ‘Republic’ to ‘Empire’? Such a question is particularly pertinent when looking at events at Rome following the assassination of Caesar, as we try to understand why it was that the Republic, as we understand it as a polity without a sole ruler, was not restored.
This thesis examines the Roman understanding of the constitution in the aftermath of Caesar’s death and argues that for the Romans the constitution was a contested entity, its proper nature debated and fought over, and that this contest led to conflict on the political stage, becoming a key factor in the failure to restore the Republic and the establishment of the Second Triumvirate. The thesis proposes a new methodology for the examination of the constitution, employing modern critical theories of discourse and the formation of knowledge to establish and analyse the Roman constitution as a discursive entity: interpreted, contested and established through discourse. I argue that the Roman knowledge of the proper nature of the constitution of the res publica had fractured by the time of Caesar’s death and that this fracturing led to multiple understandings of the constitution. In this thesis I describe the state of Rome in 44-43 B.C. to reveal these multiple understandings of the constitution, and undertake an analysis of the discourse of Cicero and Sallust after 44 B.C. in order to describe the way in which different understandings of the constitution were formulated and expressed. Through this examination this thesis shows that the expression and interrelation of these multiple understandings in Roman political discourse made arrival at a unified agreement on a common course of action all but impossible and that this combined with the volatile atmosphere at Rome after Caesar’s death played a major role in Rome’s slide towards civil war and the eventual establishment of a different political system.
2010-06-11T13:18:27Z
2010-06-11T13:18:27Z
2010-06
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/910
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
181
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/136232019-03-29T11:58:39Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Virgil glosses in Latin glossaries
Dall, Agnes Farmer Gibson
Lindsay, Wallace
2018-05-30T14:29:11Z
2018-05-30T14:29:11Z
1922
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13623
en
172 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151612019-05-29T09:44:28Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The role played by the sanctuary at Isthmia in the rise of the Corinthian polis from the eighth to the sixth century BC
Toley, Richard Mark
Smith, Christopher John
Bringing together selected evidence from sanctuaries and burials outside and within the Corinthia, the present study discusses the material in five chapters. Each is devoted to providing an insight into a particular aspect of overall sanctuary development. Chapter One considers all the available literary evidence relevant to the relationship between Corinth and Isthmia. This is then complemented by Chapter Two which is concerned with the archaeological evidence of Isthmia and two other contemporary Corinthian sanctuary sites at Perachora and Temple Hill. The nature and location of burial sites within the Corinthia are then discussed in Chapter Three to bring attention to the change in dedicatory habits. Chapter Four uses the evidence of the previous chapters to chart the development and influence of Isthmia socially and politically within the Corinthia and in a Panhellenic situation. Chapter Five uses comparative material to place these developments in a truly Greek context. This Thesis gives weight to recent theories about the rise of sanctuaries and the polis. It combines archaeological evidence from sanctuary and burial sites to give a broader and deeper picture of the socio-political development of Corinth.
2018-07-10T09:37:49Z
2018-07-10T09:37:49Z
1997
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15161
en
239 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27552019-03-29T11:58:40Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Aristotle's essences as subject and actuality
Mannick, Paul David
Kidd, I. G.
The question which seeks the essence of something,
(ti ēn einai), according to the argument of this thesis,
was fashioned by Aristotle because of ambiguity or
'homonymy' inherent in the nature of universal predicates.
However successful the conceptual analysis of universals
may be as such, their meaning or significance cannot be
fully fixed or determined except as a function of the
subjects to which they are applied. The distinction
between understanding a universal predicate as such and
understanding its application to a particular subject
may be roughly expressed as that between the ability to
recognize the presence of an attribute in a subject and
the knowledge of what the predicate says about the subject.
It is in order to transform knowledge of the first kind
into knowledge of the second that the 'essence-question'
is asked.
It is shown that the Aristotelian notion of an
essence (to ti ēn einai) is explained through the notions
of a subject (ypokeimenon) and of an actuality (energeia).
Aristotelian 'essences' express the actuality or activity
of a substance conceived from the 'categorical' point of
view as the subject of qualities and universal predicates
in general. An 'essence', insofar as the term applies
to sensible substances, is the being of something as the
subject of qualities and material predicates, i.e.
universal predicates in general. Entailed is the denial
that an essence in Aristotle's sense is constituted by
attributes, characteristics, or universal predicates of
any sort whatsoever. The argument exploits the distinction
drawn by Aristotle on a number of occasions in the
Metaphysics between material substrata of a substance and
the subjects of qualities. The development of the
position hinges on an analysis of matter and form in
terms of the relations of potentiality and actuality
conceived as contemporaneous modes of existence.
2012-06-12T15:43:59Z
2012-06-12T15:43:59Z
1984
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2755
en
247
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113542022-05-07T02:03:25Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A commentary on Statius' 'Thebaid' 1.1-45
Manasseh, James
This dissertation discusses the proem of Statius’ Thebaid (1.1-45) and the analysis of the
text is split between an introduction, three extended chapters and a lemmatized
commentary. Statius’ acknowledgements of his literary debts, in particular Virgil,
encourages, if not demands, an intertextual reading of his poetry. As such, my first
chapter, Literary Models, looks at how Statius engages with his epic models, namely
Homer, Virgil, Lucan and Ovid, but also how he draws upon the rich literary Theban
tradition. Like all Roman poets, Statius is highly self-conscious of his craft, and draws
upon Hellenistic and lyric models to enrich his epic and define himself as an exemplary
poet. I will argue that the proem offers a useful lens for analysing the Thebaid and
introduces his epic in exemplary fashion, in the sense that he draws attention to the
concept of opening his epic with the use of traditional tropes (namely, the invocation of
inspiring force; a recusatio; an imperial encomium and a synopsis of the poem’s narrative).
Considering the importance of origins in the Thebaid, and the inability to escape them, I
consider the proem, in this sense, the origin of the poem itself insofar as elements of it
are constantly ‘remembered’ and reiterated throughout the poem. The central feature of
the proem is the encomium to Domitian, in which Statius advises Domitian to realize his
own limits and hence retain order of the world he rules over, articulating contemporary
concerns about succession and empire. Statius, in a similar manner, expresses intent to
impose limits upon his own poem, which prompted me to write the chapter entitled Restraint. The third chapter, Characterisation, draws upon the discussions in Literary Models and Restraint in an analysis of the heroes introduced at 1.41-45.
2017-08-02T13:54:31Z
2017-08-02T13:54:31Z
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11354
en
90 leaves
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/279302023-07-11T02:03:07Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Sunt superis sua iura. Ovid, the law, and the Augustan discourse
Eusebi, Sara
Buckley, Emma
Manioti, Nikoletta
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
Ovid
Augustus
Augustan poetry
Fictio iuris
Ius
Lex
State of exception
Roman law
Augustan principate
Recusatio
Metamorphoses
Fasti
Ars amatoria
Heroides
Amores
Tristia
Epistulae ex Ponto
Princeps
My thesis investigates how Ovid’s treatment of juridical language and content fits into the socio-cultural landscape of Augustan Rome. Moving beyond the legacy of his early career in the forum, Ovid resorts to the legal to express a wider engagement with divine and political justice – an aspect of consistency and evolution throughout the poet’s corpus. In the Amores, the Ars Amatoria and the Heroides, Ovid revisits the elegiac code to formulate an extended recusatio that plays with the ‘micro-semantics’ of the legal to bring to the fore the gaps in the narrative of Augustus’ legislation. Through a selection of legally-inflected case studies, I demonstrate that the Metamorphoses shares the same approach to ius as his elegiac poetry, though developed through a more in-depth exploration of power dynamics, as arbitrary divine jurisdiction in the mythological universe of the poem mirrors the ‘state of exception’ of the Princeps iudex. In the Fasti, Augustus’ appropriation of legal calendar time highlights the convergence of the Princeps’ and the poet’s fictional procedures: myth and traditional legacies are deceptively ‘recodified’ through Ovid’s ‘mythologising’ ius in a similar fashion to Augustus’ reimagining Rome’s constitutional system through fictio iuris, as both the poet and the Princeps adapt the notion of justice to their respective agendas.
In his elegy Ovid engages with the tension created by Augustus’ new role as lawgiver, an approach that evolves when taking the Metamorphoses’ history of the universe into account, to then show a further change through the prism of the Fasti, as the same power dynamics are matched with the Princeps’ narrative of control. The ‘micro-semantics’ of ius are thus reconciled with the macro-semantics of Ovid’s reflections on the nature of justice, becoming the playing field for the poet’s deceptive narrative devices to mirror the fictional nature of Augustus’ regime.
2023-07-10T15:26:02Z
2023-07-10T15:26:02Z
2023-11-29
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27930
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/542
en
222
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154852019-03-29T11:58:43Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A lexicon to Pindar
Slater, William John
2018-07-17T13:00:22Z
2018-07-17T13:00:22Z
1967
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15485
en
3 v. in 1
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/274772023-04-30T02:03:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Egypt and the Odyssey : Homeric dialogues with Egyptian travel literature
Stocker, Maxwell
Harrison, Thomas
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Erasmus+ (Program)
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
Homeric studies
Egyptology
Middle Egyptian literature
Odyssey
Comparative literature
This thesis investigates the relationship between Homer’s Odyssey and the Egyptian tradition of travel literature from the second millennium BC. It is a comparative exploration of portrayals of displacement, exile, and homecoming in two of the premier travel poems of the ancient Mediterranean world: the Tale of Sinuhe and the Odyssey. It explores the multifaceted parallels between these two poems in both dialogic-comparativist and historical-transmissional terms, and it shows that there is an extraordinarily wide range of macrolevel and microlevel parallels suggesting direct cross-cultural influence between the Tale of Sinuhe and the Odyssey. The Introduction discusses the methodological background to this project and the cross-disciplinary gap in scholarship which it fills, as well as the historical, archaeological, cultural, and literary context in which these poems emerged. I explore the parallels between these poems in their beginnings and displacement episodes in Chapter 1, and in their portrayals of exile and homecoming in Chapter 2. In the Conclusion, I discuss the wider context of the project, fruitful avenues for future research, and the ramifications of the findings of this thesis for current understandings of these poems across multiple disciplines.
2023-04-28T08:26:55Z
2023-04-28T08:26:55Z
2023-11-29
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27477
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/415
en
2028-04-24
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 24th April 2028
219
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151842019-03-29T11:58:44Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Some aspects of the political career of Marcus Licinius Crassus, consul 70 and 55BC
Pugh, David William Drummond
Ch. I A discrepancy exists in the ancient sources between the record of Crassus' activities and assessments of his importance. Some possible reasons are considered. Ch. II Crassus' birth date is placed between late June -115 and very early 114. Absent from Rome between 81 and 82, Crassus entered the senate in about 81. He was praetor in 75 or 74, was prosecuted for incest in 73, and was therefore a privatus when given the command against Spartacus. His political position in the 70s is considered. Ch. III In 70 Crassus was concerned in the restoration of the tribunicia potestas, as he shows connections with several tribunes of the 70s. His breach with Pompey may concern the actions of the censors of 70. Crassus was interested in the reform of the courts, though probably friendly to Verres. Ch. IV Crassus may have been hostile to both Lucullus and Pompey in the early 60s, Cn.Piso prosecuted Manilius in 66/5, and was sent to Spain to facilitate a change of prosecutor. Catiline was involved against Manilius. Ch. V In 65 Crassus aimed to enfranchise the Transpadani in order to increase his power in the comitia. He was also concerned to annexe Egypt, frustrated by Catulus, he considered an alliance with Pompey, and began to cooperate with Caesar. Ch. VI Catiline's supposed Pompeian ties are unconvincing. Crassus supported. Catiline and Antonius. In 63 Cicero allied himself with the optimates, frustrated Crassus' tribunician programme, and tried to destroy his political credibility by virtually creating the Catilinarian "conspiracy". Ch. VII Pompey had hoped to return with his army. He then tried to ally himself with Cato, and dropped several former associates, one of whom, P.Clodius, was helped by Crassus. Crassus joined the optimates to ensure Pompey's frustration. The First Triumvirate ensued. Ch. VIII In April 59 Pompey and Caesar tried to drop Crassus, who managed, through his association with Clodius, to prevent this. The Vettius affair may have been genuine. The tribunician elections were held in October. Ch. IX Having failed to crush Pompey through Clodius, Crassus, with Caesar's help, forced him to a crisis from which he himself would emerge the strongest. Provincial commands were decided at Luca; the second consulship was not. Ch. X Most of the measures passed' in 55 were not politically significant. Crassus, more committed to the alliance, now incurred hostility. Though away in 54 he kept in touch, and may have been involved in the electoral scandal of that year. Ch. XI Crassus' style belied his great ambitions. The nature of his power necessitated an approach different from that of Pompey. His strategy for securing supreme power is considered. The political realignment that followed his death led inevitably to Civil War. Appendix A Crassus married the widow of a brother who died by 91. Publius, his elder son, married Scipio's daughter probably in 55. Marcus married Caecilia Metella in 70 or 69. Appendix B Plutarch's figure for Crassus' total wealth is too low. Pompey and Crassus were both very rich. Crassus had interests in the South of Italy, and derived his wealth from Spanish silver mines, housing, and slaves. Appendix C Cicero's Sixth Stoic Paradox may have existed before all six were published together in 46, Plutarch thought it a speech, and associated it with Crassus' trial for incest in 73.
2018-07-10T13:10:41Z
2018-07-10T13:10:41Z
1981
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15184
en
286 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9142024-02-23T03:04:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A family of gods : a diachronic study of the cult of the divi/divae in the Latin West
McIntyre, Gwynaeth
Woolf, Greg
Rome - Religion
Rome - Ruler cult
Rome - Imperial family
Rome - Provinces
This thesis examines the establishment and development of the worship of the emperor and his family members in the Latin West, tracing specifically the cult of those who were officially deified at Rome and received the title of divus or diva. It seeks to answer three questions:
1. Does uniformity of cult practices and priestly titles increase or decrease over time
2. What prompted change in cult practice (reflected in priestly titles) and how was this change managed?
3. What factors influenced the choices made by communities throughout the Latin West concerning these cults?
It addresses these questions through a number of specific case studies. It begins with a study of how the practice of deification (consecratio) was established and how it developed within the city of Rome. It then examines priestly titles associated with the cult of the divi/divae in three groups of provinces: the Gauls, the Spains, and the provinces of North Africa. Finally, it discusses the spread of the worship of the divi/divae throughout the empire by examining the Augustales (and other variations on this title) and the priests responsible for overseeing cult to individual divi/divae. The evidence discussed is primarily epigraphical but is supplemented with numismatic, archaeological and literary evidence where it is available.
This thesis addresses a number of hypotheses concerning Rome’s role in the development of cult in the Latin West, principally, that cult was imposed on communities in the provinces by the centre, that the establishment of cult was based on a series of models and adopted in similar ways throughout the provinces, and that the coloniae were responsible for bringing Roman culture and religion to the peregrine communities. It argues that even though some provincial cults were established through direct intervention from members of the imperial family, it was still up to the communities themselves to oversee cult practice and finance the cult. In the case of civic cult, there is little to no evidence of involvement from the centre. Civic cult was established by local initiative and did not originate in the coloniae and spread to other communities. Instead, it tended to arise in peregrine communities (and municipia) from the earliest development of this cult (as well as some coloniae) as individual communities sought to forge a connection with the imperial family and find their place within, and in connection to, the Roman Empire.
2010-06-15T08:26:22Z
2010-06-15T08:26:22Z
2010-06-22
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/914
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
302
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/289712024-01-10T22:40:35Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Etruscan and Latin networks : a semiotic exploration of interconnectivity
Wein, Mikel
Sweetman, Rebecca J.
Ribeiro Machado, Carlos Augusto
Professor Ian Kidd Bequest for Classics
Rome
Network analysis
Etruria
Semiotics
Landscape archaeology
Central Italy
Latium
Iron Age Italy
Pre-Roman Italy
Settlement dynamics
The Iron Age saw increasing intra- and inter-regional connectivity, social hierarchy, and economic production of settlements in southern Etruria and Latium. Some settlements, such as Rome, prospered, while others did not. This research combined archaeological semiotics with spatial network analysis to explore exchange of fibulae and impasto cups among Rome and nine neighbour sites, from Tarquinia east to Narce and south to Satricum. It demonstrated how interactions between a site’s geographic location and mobility of goods led to differing levels of prominence and control of fibula and cup designs in the region. Fibula exchange shifted from a widespread network of enlarged arch and serpentine arch fibulae to a network of boat, leech bow, and dragon fibulae traded among smaller groups of sites. Concurrently, prominent sites shifted from coastal sites Tarquinia and Caere (Pyrgi) to inland sites, including Veii and Rome. Cup networks reached all sites but were centred on geographically close neighbours Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa), Rome, and Veii. Trends in cup shapes and decoration suggested building importance of Rome over the Iron Age, along with continuing or lessening importance of Veii and Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa). Although there was low correlation between travel costs or distance among sites and fibula or cup exchange, sites farthest from central sites Rome, Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa), and Veii tended to have lower participation in the networks. Over all networks, design specialization appears to have been less successful than generalization for sustained growth. As travel routes shifted over time, sites that specialized due to favourable location for imports (Caere), resources (Tarquinia), or reproduction and distribution (Veii) had momentary importance in exchange of materials. Rome’s sustained growth and importance can be attributed to location along trading routes and a generalist strategy of accumulating fibula and cup designs.
2024-01-08T16:42:57Z
2024-01-08T16:42:57Z
2024-06-10
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28971
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/689
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
2025-12-13
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 13 December 2025
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
247
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154502019-03-29T11:58:45Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Narrative structure and narrative texture in the 'Aithiopika' of Heliodorus
Pletcher, James Alan
George, Peter
Halliwell, Stephen
This thesis consists of four individual studies, divided into two sections; "Narrative Structure" and "Narrative Texture". The first chapter ("Heliodoros and the Conventions of Romance") addresses the issue of the essence of romance; it attempts to get behind the narrative of the Aithiopika in such a way as to reveal how Heliodoros works within the boundaries and received practice of the genre ancient romance, and how he adapts and deviates from them. The second chapter ("Hearing Voices: Incorporated Genres in the Aithiopika") deals with genre, but in a different context. This study takes a concept- incorporated genre- from the theorist M.M. Bakhtin, and applies it to Heliodoros' narrative. Here the term "genre" takes on a broader significance, meaning not the romances themselves, but types of narrative, and ways of narrating, which Heliodoros has introduced into his story. Both chapters one and two are systematic analyses of the text; they deal with how Heliodoros has structured his narrative in ways conventional and unconventional. In the final chapters the term genre encompasses specific works and literary groupings. These studies help to demonstrate how Heliodoros has fleshed out the basic structure of the Aithiopika, or, in other words, they provide a feel for some of the texture of the romance. "Heliodoros and Homer" is explicitly narratological in outlook, showing one way in which Heliodoros has provided a paradigm for reading, perhaps not just the novel itself, but specifically within the novel the references to and allusions from Homer. "Heliodoros and Tragedy" tackles the meaning of theatricality, and references to the theatre, in an author writing in the late Roman Empire. But this chapter, too, provides a glimpse at the narrative texture, especially with regard to the way in which Heliodoros co-opted yet another literary predecessor, Euripides.
2018-07-16T17:15:43Z
2018-07-16T17:15:43Z
1997
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15450
en
217 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/38432021-06-05T09:02:04Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Re-constructing the slave: an examination of slave representation in the Greek polis
Joss, Kelly
Harrison, Thomas
This thesis examines the ways in which slaves are represented in classical Greek
sources. The aim of this study is to examine the ideology which informed Greek
depictions of slaves. Through such an analysis, we can learn a great deal not only
about important issues such as Greek perceptions of barbarians and manual labour,
but also wider issues, such as the nature of our sources and the ways in which
Greeks defined themselves through their use of the antithetical image of the slave -
the quintessential "Other" to the Greek ideal. Since slaves are depicted in a range
of material, this thesis draws upon representations of slaves from sources as varied
as art, drama, oratory, and philosophy. In short, this study examines
representations of slaves in their own right. It highlights the cross-generic
pervasiveness of slave representation and examines how representation functioned
to naturalise and perpetuate the institution of slavery in ancient Greece.
2013-07-12T10:05:20Z
2013-07-12T10:05:20Z
2006
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3843
en
viii, 293 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/175222021-03-03T15:02:20Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The poetics and politics of Ovidian intertexts in Statius' Thebaid
Spinelli, Tommaso
König, Alice
Buckley, Emma
University of St Andrews. 7th century Scholarship
Ovid
Statius
Flavian
Imperial epic
Imperial literature
Flavian Rome
Intertextuality
Material culture
Politics
Poetics
Heroes
Gods
Landscape
This thesis seeks to offer the first in-depth exploration of the extent and the significance of Ovidian intertexts in Statius’ Thebaid, with particular emphasis on the ways they interact with the readers’ perception of the material and sociocultural context of Flavian Rome. By studying the Thebaid’s post-Ovidian treatment of the landscape (Chapter One), of the heroes (Chapter Two), and of the divine (Chapter Three), I suggest that the poem maintains the poetic and political significance of Ovid’s Theban saga as a critical rewriting of the Aeneid and further develops it into a new reflection on the fissures of the Augustan foundational myths and their applicability to Flavian Rome. This exploration of the contrastive Virgilian-Ovidian intertextuality shaping the Thebaid’s narratives offers new insights not only into Statius’ competitive renegotiation of his relationship with both the Aeneid and the Metamorphoses, but also into the poem’s sophisticated engagement with the most important social, political and religious issues of its time.
2019-04-15T10:21:29Z
2019-04-15T10:21:29Z
2019-06-27
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17522
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17522
en
2024-04-10
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 10th April 2024
ix, 198, x-xxxviii p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154472019-03-29T11:58:47Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Hospitality in Apollonius Rhodius' Àrgonautica', Books I and II
Plantinga, Mirjam Greteke
Campbell, Malcolm
VSB Bank (The Netherlands).
University Hall St Andrews Graduate Association
In this thesis, Hospitality in Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica Books One and Two, I offer a detailed and systematic analysis of the epic motifs used by Apollonius Rhodius. Careful comparison with its principal models, the Homeric epics, shows the poet's sophisticated manipulation of the Iliad and Odyssey, and reveals much of his narrative technique. Read in the context of its sources, it is possible to focus with more precision on Apollonius' innovations. For this study, I have selected the major hospitality scenes of the first two books, which are concerned with the outward journey to Colchis. Reference is, however, made throughout to the hospitality scenes in Books Three and Four. The hospitality theme is one of the most important in an epic concerning the voyage heroes make in order to retrieve the Golden Fleece. Hospitality scenes are characterised by a certain repetition of motifs: e.g. arrival, reception, meal, storytelling and exchange of gifts. These elements are always adapted according to the particular poetic context and purpose of a scene. With their elaborate structure hospitality scenes provide fascinating material for the study of the reworking of the Homeric epics, crucial for the understanding of Apollonius' work.
2018-07-16T16:09:01Z
2018-07-16T16:09:01Z
1999
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15447
en
1999
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/274242023-12-18T15:50:22Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Tacitus and the representation of the legal world in the Annals
González Rojas, Pablo Javier
Konig, Alice
Lavan, Myles
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID)
Tacitus
Annals
Roman historiography
Roman law and Latin literature
Legal imagination
This thesis investigates Tacitus’ views on the law and the narrative function of law-related episodes in the Annals. It adopts the methods of the ‘Law and Literature’ approach, exploring both Tacitus’ literary representation of the legal world and the socio-cultural conditions informing his conception of law and empire. Chapter 1 examines three trial narratives where Tacitus emphasises Tiberius’ idiosyncratically deceptive strategies in his handling of judicial procedures. Chapter 2 analyses Tacitus’ depiction of Tiberius as lawmaker and his troubling relationship with the normativity of Augustan precedents. This chapter also considers the authorial digressions on the law ensuing from Tiberius’ treatment of marriage and sumptuary legislation in Annals 3. Whereas in the digression on the origins of the law (de principiis iuris) Tacitus advances a pessimistic understanding of the law as a coercive force imposed on the individual, in the digression on luxury (luxus) he intimates a notion of historical change that destabilises the thesis of irreversible decline in Roman history. Chapter 3 concentrates on the representation of Claudius and his transgressive approach to the law both in his capacity as judge (conducting trials in his bedchamber) and lawmaker (defending the principle of legal innovation). Chapter 4 deals with the reign of Nero, exploring the ways in which the emperor’s understanding of justice as spectacle are portrayed in the narrative. Chapter 5 looks into the literary depiction of Cassius Longinus and the ideas conveyed through this expert in law. It also evaluates the implications of the character’s idealisation of the world of the ancestors and his view of Roman history as continuous deterioration – a view that stands in contradiction to Tacitus’ more complex interpretation of historical change. By focusing on the law, this thesis illustrates the meaningful ways in which the macrostructure of decline (Tacitus’ version of the Julio-Claudian era) and the micro-narratives of progress (his views on the Principate) interact in the Annals.
2023-04-18T15:30:25Z
2023-04-18T15:30:25Z
2023-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27424
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/408
72190547 (2019-2022)
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2028-03-31
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 31st March 2028
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
244
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/4002019-07-01T10:18:55Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The bare necessities? a comparative study of the material evidence for Roman medical practice in urban domestic and army spheres
Taylor, Stephanie C.
König, Jason
Roman medicine
Domestic medicine
Army medicine
Roman medical instruments
Doctors and status
Health
Nutrition
Valetudinarium
Rimini instrumentarium
Marcianopolis
Medicine
The study of medicine in the Roman world is, in many areas, hampered by lack of evidence yet, despite this, valuable research has been done in the areas of urban domestic and army medicine. The aim of this thesis is not to reproduce that research but to examine the material evidence for medicine and medical practice used in it, in particular the instruments and buildings where medicine might have been practiced and, through comparison of the data, to see what similarities and differences there were between medicine in the domestic and army spheres. At the same time this data will be placed in context through an examination of the general levels of health in the ancient world and the status of doctors. In the domestic chapter we shall see that the evidence for the status of doctors is sketchy and confusing while the evidence for the health of people is drawn mainly from the skeletons found at Herculaneum. The examination of the instruments from the Naples museum and the provenance of those to which it could be assigned, will shed light on the types of medicine practiced and where doctors might have seen their patients. Throughout this chapter the argument looks forward to the comparison with army medicine in the following chapter. The evidence for health in the army comes mainly from literary sources and that for the status of doctors comes from inscriptions. It appears that doctors had ranks in the army with equivalent levels of pay as the soldiers. While there are fewer finds of instruments from forts, they raise some interesting points. The debate about valetudinaria is addressed and I argue that, while they existed, there is evidence to suggest that the buildings identified as valetudinaria were not in fact hospitals and that each case must be examined on its own merits. The conclusions are more numerous than might have been expected. There are obvious differences in levels of health between the army and the urban population but there are significant overlaps between doctors in the army and the domestic spheres. The instruments in the two spheres are the same in design with some surprising types turning up. The question of where medicine was practiced remains hazy with the conclusion that in the domestic sphere there is no definite evidence while in the army sphere the buildings identified as valetudinaria may not have been hospitals.
2007-12-17T11:11:07Z
2007-12-17T11:11:07Z
2007-11-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/400
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
239
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/4952019-07-01T10:13:03Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Approaching death in the classical tradition
Cameron, Peter
Halliwell, Stephen
Hine, Harry
Plato
Cicero
Montaigne
Homer
Lucretius
Seneca
Consolationes
Death
Immortality
Myth
Suicide
The thesis consists of five chapters: the first functions as an overture; the second, third and fourth deal with Plato, Cicero and Montaigne respectively; and the fifth raises some questions.
The overture explores the ways in which Odysseus, Lucretius and Seneca approached death, and in the process introduces some obvious distinctions - between death viewed as the act of dying and death viewed as the state of being dead, between the death which comes to everyone and the death which comes to me, between our own death and the death of others - and anticipates certain recurring themes.
The second chapter, on Plato, is concerned chiefly with the Phaedo and the question of what is involved in "the practice of death". This entails an examination of related concepts and terminology in the Gorgias and the Republic, and of the whole subject of Platonic myth.
The third chapter discusses Cicero's views on death and immortality - both the considered reflections of the philosopher and the spontaneous reactions of the bereaved father - principally as these emerge from the Tusculan Disputations and the letters to Atticus.
The fourth chapter approaches Montaigne - his own experiences of death, the relationship between his earlier and later approaches, the tension between his professed Catholicism and his pagan inclinations, the difficulty and perhaps undesirability of extracting a 'message' from the Essais on this or any other subject.
The conclusion asks to what extent these various approaches succeed in what they set out to do, and whether any generalised, objective approach to death can ever successfully address the individual predicament, either in relation to one's own death or in facing bereavement.
2008-05-28T11:07:07Z
2008-05-28T11:07:07Z
2008-06-26
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/495
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
228
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/3572019-07-01T10:20:03Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Gender and public image in imperial Rome
McCullough, Anna
Woolf, Greg
Gender
Rome
Roman gender was often defined and regulated visually – that is, if and under what conditions a woman or man appeared in public, through personal appearance, or through representations in art or literature. In this discourse on gender, the gaze (especially the public’s) was thus an important agent in helping not only to shape gender ideals, but also the direction and function of the discourse itself.
The emperor affected these precepts because of his appropriation of public space and his control of the gaze: as the most powerful and high-ranking member of society, no one could be more visible than him, and his own gaze was unlimited: he was all-seeing and all-visible. As befitting these attributes of imperial office, public space became his domain, and he placed limitations on the expression of public images in this space. This therefore affected gender by limiting the ways in which it could be expressed and proved.
Within the changed discourse, the emperor was the alpha male, the most masculine man in Roman society, and controlled public space and access to the gaze. Aristocratic males thus suffered a crisis in masculinity, and were forced to find alternate sources of masculinity from the traditional ones of gaining virtus through military service, public oratory and service, and public competition for gloria. In response, some still valued the traditions of military and service to the res publica, but no longer made public expression or competition of virtus as a precondition for its legitimacy or existence – in effect de-linking masculinity from the public sphere. Another response turned to the private sphere for inspiration, finding role models for virtus in ideal women and stressing a man’s behavior in the home as important in judgments on his masculinity. Femininity did not suffer such changes or crisis. Feminine ideals remained relatively stable, but with a few minor changes: imperial women were held to a stricter standard of traditional femininity to prevent their intrusion into imperial power, and their public activities were either low-profile or focused around the family. Aristocratic women had more scope for public activities, which enhanced their femininity but were not prerequisites for being a good woman: that is, it was not necessary for a woman to possess and maintain a public image for her to be feminine.
2007-06-21T13:25:52Z
2007-06-21T13:25:52Z
2007-11
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/357
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
219
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154432019-03-29T11:58:48Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Cassandra in Aesychylus' 'Agamemnon' : language and character interaction
Varvatsoulis, Athanasios
This study in four parts examines the Cassandra scene in Aeschylus' Agamemnon, the first play in his sole extant trilogy entitled Oresteia. In the first part, a brief survey of Cassandra's language is given in which I try to argue that her deranged state affects her utterances and causes communication problems between her and the Chorus. The first part ends with a preliminary appraisal of her relationship with Apollo. The second part deals with her barbarian aspect. At the beginning, I deal with the general antithesis between Greeks and Orientals and incorporate some information on the oriental and/or primitive elements of Apolline worship. The rest is more focused on Agamemnon and specifically on the debt of Aeschylus to the tradition; and on the oriental and/or primitive elements of Cassandra, without forgetting the King, the Queen and Apollo, whose figure and relationships with his "servants" are briefly discussed. The third part examines the relationship between Agamemnon and Cassandra. Adopting a scene by scene analysis on the meaning of the presence (and sometimes absence) of the King, we come to the conclusion that the King, already overburdened with mistakes, commits another by having, unlike Apollo, a rather carnal relationship with Cassandra. As for the last part, following the same principle of analysis, we deal with the majestic figure of the Queen. Through her manipulation of language, and consequently of the other personages (namely the Elders and Agamemnon), we try to discover differences and possible similarities with Cassandra, on the basis of Clytaemnestra's and Cassandra's marginal status.
2018-07-16T15:41:58Z
2018-07-16T15:41:58Z
1993
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15443
en
189 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154352019-03-29T11:58:50Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The language of Attic inscriptions, 323-146 BC (excluding ostraka & vases)
Henry, Alan Sorley
Dover, Kenneth James
2018-07-16T14:41:39Z
2018-07-16T14:41:39Z
1964
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15435
en
450 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156932021-08-17T14:38:37Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Title redacted
Vermeulen, Anouk Eline
Lavan, Myles
Woolf, Greg
Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds
Foundation Vrijvrouwe van Renswoude
Hendrik Muller Fund
2018-07-24T14:25:31Z
2018-07-24T14:25:31Z
2016
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15693
en
2026-06-10
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 10th June 2026
2 v. [181 p. , 49 p.]
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154932019-05-03T10:45:48Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Myth and personal experience in Roman love-elegy, with consideration of the Hellenistic background
Whitaker, Richard Anthony
Williams, Gordon
Gratwick, Adrian
Ogilvie, R. M. (Robert Maxwell)
Millar-Lyell Award, Department of Classics
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
This thesis examines the manner in which the Roman love-elegists used myth to illustrate personal experience. It is shown that the elegists were probably indebted to the poets of the Hellenistic period for the various techniques they used to link myth (usually in the form of exempla) to its context. Chapter 1 looks at some illustrative and paradeigmatic uses of myth by the Hellenistic catalogue-elegists; by Callimachus, Apollonius Rhodius and Theocritus; and by the epigrammatists. It is shown that the major Hellenistic poets developed techniques by means of which the exemplum could be made an integral part even of a short poem or episode. It was Tibullus and Propertius on whom these ways of handling myth' had the most effect; Ovid was influenced more by the epigrammatists. Chapter 2 examines briefly Catullus' handling of myth in his elegy LXVIII and Callus' possible use of myth. Chapter 3 deals in some detail with Tibullus' use of myth in 1, 3 (the Golden Age; Elysium; Tartarus); 1, 10 (the mythic past; Hades) and 11,3 (Apollo and Admetus; the mythic past). The very close connexion between these myths and the poet's personal experience is demonstrated. Chapter 4 handles Propertius' use of myth to illustrate in various ways his own and his mistress' experience. The material here is treated in three sections: (i) Allusive Exempla - where the poet presupposes knowledge on the reader's part of the mythological events concerned. (ii) Shaped Exempla - i.e. exempla which the poet shapes in different ways for his own purposes, including in them all the details necessary for the reader's understanding. (iii) Mixed Exempla - which combine the characteristics of both the above categories. Chapter 5 deals with Ovid's use of myth in his Amores to illustrate what is presented as personal experience. His mythological illustrations are discussed in four categories: (i) Illustrative Exempla - i.e. exempla used in a rhetorical way simply to prove a given point or statement. (ii) Witty Exempla - used chiefly to create humorous and amusing effects. (iii) Mixed Exempla - combining the functions of both the first two categories. (iv) 'Propertian' Exempla - i.e. exempla handled by Ovid very much in the manner of Propertius. The Conclusion briefly draws together evidence of the influence of the Hellenistic poets' treatment of myth on the Roman love-elegists. It also outlines what is distinctive and characteristic about each of the elegists' manner of handling myth.
2018-07-17T14:02:01Z
2018-07-17T14:02:01Z
1979
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15493
en
227 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/269502023-11-18T03:09:32Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The construction(s) of the public image of the Emperor Julian
Gabbardo, Gabriel
Ribeiro Machado, Carlos Augusto
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
This thesis deals with the construction(s) of the public image of the Emperor Julian. The unusual abundance of sources for Julian’s short reign as sole emperor of the Roman world (361-363) allows for biographical studies of this figure; this study intends to problematise the picture, taking into account the plurality of voices that composed his public image. Even the emperor himself must be taken as a plural; his own self-conception, and the public presentation of this self-conception, varied considerably over time, as did the responses of his subjects – whether they opposed Julian or not. The composition of this image was an act of creation, a dialogical relationship between ruler and ruled. This relationship could be friendly, hostile, full of mutual misunderstandings; the tensions that arise from these dialogues allow us a glimpse at the (historical) polyphony that is, as will be shown, a fundamental feature of Roman society.
2023-02-10T12:10:48Z
2023-02-10T12:10:48Z
2022-11-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26950
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/270
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
2027-09-09
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 9th September 2027
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
252
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27852019-07-01T10:13:09Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The transmission of classical and patristic texts in late Anglo-Saxon and early Norman England
Castles, Nicola Jane
Gratwick, Adrian
This thesis consists of a general introduction to the
historical and palaeographical background to the subject of
the transmission of Classical and Patristic texts in late
Anglo-Saxon and early Norman England, followed by five
chapters each dealing with a classical or patristic author.
Each chapter lists the information we have available on
manuscripts containing the author's work, and conclusions
are drawn as to the transmission of that work. In the case
of five texts, Persius, Satirae; Augustine, Enchiridion;
Gregory, Cura pastoralis and Moralia and Isidore, Synonymar
portions of each MS are taken and compared in detail with
each other and with the modern printed edition, and a stemma
is constructed on the basis of evidence thus obtained. A
conclusion draws together the information on the
transmission of such manuscripts throughout the eighth to
twelfth centuries. There are two appendices: the first
contains brief notes on texts by Classical and Patristic
authors of which there are not enough copies to form
stemmata, while the second takes the form of a short
analysis of the use of the letter k in the margins of some
insular MSS studied. There are also indices nominum et
manuscriptorum. The work is divided into two volumes after
Chapter Three.
2012-06-14T15:50:36Z
2012-06-14T15:50:36Z
1993
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2785
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
588
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154412019-03-29T11:58:53Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The family and gender relations in the speeches of Isaeus
Neblett, Brandon H.
Austin, M. M.
This dissertation investigates the wealth of information regarding the Classical Athenian family, gender relations, and law found in the inheritance speeches of Isaeus. In examining Isaeus as a corpus of evidence, this thesis reveals both general conceptions of the family and the rules and customs that governed the sexual, legal, and economic relations within it. Inherent in its context-based approach to interpretation is a consideration of the Athenian legal system, specifically the forensic arena, and how it influenced disputes over the transmission of property in the polis. Isaeus illustrates the legal and economic capabilities of female citizens in fourth century Athens, the use of their sexuality as a weapon in court, the opportunities for and restrictions on exploitation within the citizen family, the role of the logographos in attaining and preventing that exploitation, and the simultaneous zeal and ambivalence of the Athenian legal system regarding familial and societal conflict.
2018-07-16T15:29:55Z
2018-07-16T15:29:55Z
1999
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15441
en
88 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154482019-03-29T11:58:56Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
A lexicon to Diodorus Siculus
McDougall, James Iain
Dover, Kenneth James
The decision to undertake the compilation of a lexicon to an ancient author needs little apology. When the author is Diodorus and the lexicon is the first, none whatsoever is needed and it is ray modest hope that the present work will prove to be a useful instrument for both students of Diodorus' work as a whole, historians and linguists concerned with a particular facet of his sources, methods, and style, and those investigating Hellenistic prose style in general. The text used as the basis for the lexicon has been that of Vogel-Fischer (Teubner, Leipzig, 1388 ff.) and all references depend on their division of the text into chapters and paragraphs. I have deliberately avoided treatment of the fragments, since it is not always clear whether the words are those of Diodorus or those of an author paraphrasing him, while one of the functions of the lexicon might be to submit the fragments to the test. The work attempts, as far as is possible, to combine the advantages of both lexicon and index: each word is analysed grammatically and semantically and each occurrence of almost every word is duly recorded. However, it has proved impossible to note all the various forms of the words used by Diodorus without allowing the lexicon to become unwieldy, when scholars seeking such information can without significant inconvenience use the references cited in the work to look up the relevant passages in order to satisfy their interest. Furthermore, I did not consider it profitable to cite every example of the definite article, some common particles, and some pronouns and demonstrative active adjectives but instead concentrated on particular usages and combinations; in this way the size of the lexicon has been reduced by some six or seven hundred pages, while the scholar investigating other uses of these words might as easily read through the entire text as check out an endless sequence of references.
2018-07-16T16:30:10Z
2018-07-16T16:30:10Z
1981
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15448
en
4 v.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/63682019-03-29T11:58:56Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Interpretandi scientia : an intellectual history of Roman jurisprudence in the early Empire
Wibier, Matthijs H.
Harries, Jill
Long, Alex
Ancient scholarship
Roman law
This thesis proposes a new model of situating Roman jurisprudence in the intellectual world of the Early Empire. Moving away from the traditional question as to the relationship between law and philosophy, I take a wider view by approaching the jurists as (in their own words) engaging in legal interpretation, and I compare and contrast them with other ancient scholars involved in interpretation: philosophers, medical readers of Hippocrates, grammarians, etc. Chapter 1 studies ancient intellectuals’ claiming and constructing expert authority for their learning. Jurists are well-versed in the topoi developed in Hellenistic scholarship/science; they are thus fully embedded in (rather than: isolated from) the wider intellectual landscape. Situating Pomponius’ history of jurisprudence in its literary as well as socio-political contexts, I argue in chapter 2 that the text constructs a history of jurisprudence that suggests that jurists were crucial to the rise of Rome. Chapter 3 studies Gaius’ interpretative practices through his engagement with older legal texts within the exegetical culture of the second century. Gaius shares with philosophers and medical doctors an interest in mining wisdom from old texts, but he also emphasises the progress made within the legal tradition ever since. Chapter 4 focuses on collecting legal knowledge. I argue that the spread of a common structure of law books signals that law was a well-integrated “discipline”. Chapter 5 studies juristic engagement with expert knowledge from outside the legal tradition. I argue that jurists’ explicit engagement with philosophical concepts does not entail commitments to larger pieces of philosophical doctrine. Chapter 6 analyses the development of legal doctrine about causation and liability in the context of the lex Aquilia. I argue that juristic debates and interpretations are largely shaped and constrained by the legal (Aquilian) tradition, although jurists are to some extent open to intellectual debates and social values.
2015-03-26T17:12:47Z
2015-03-26T17:12:47Z
2014-06-24
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6368
en
Electronic copy restricted until 27th May 2019
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations
xi, 214 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/45082019-03-29T11:58:58Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Romans overseas : Roman and Italian migrant communities in the Mediterranean world
Phillipo, Mark William
Woolf, Greg
In this thesis, I characterise the Roman republican diaspora in the western
Mediterranean, on the basis of the various activities which prompted the migration of
individuals from Italy. The intention of my discussion is to examine the connection
between republican imperialism and the generally obscure individuals who were the
actual participants in empire. This is partly a response to Brunt’s Italian Manpower, in
so far as Brunt’s minimalist calculation of the population of the diaspora discouraged
subsequent research on the subject. To accomplish this, I have relied principally on the
available literary references as the foundation of a thematic analysis of the diaspora,
considering migration of those in the military or associated with it, as well as those
involved in various categories of commercial activity. The settlement of former soldiers
was frequently connected with the re-organisation of overseas communities by Roman
generals. Commercial activity was examined with reference to a general model for trade
in the late republic, which emphasises the role of agents acting on behalf of wealthier
individuals in Italy. I also considered more general characteristics of the diaspora.
Firstly, I have proposed a maximum population for the diaspora at the end of the
republic of 170,000. Secondly, I have proposed that communities of the diaspora were
organising themselves into conventus by the 70s BC. Finally, I have suggested that the
social and economic networks of the diaspora can be modelled in terms of a network of
bilateral connections between communities, though with particularly strong connections
to Rome.
2014-03-11T11:09:10Z
2014-03-11T11:09:10Z
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4508
en
xii, 261
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/70402020-03-04T14:14:21Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Chrysippus on the beautiful : studies in a Stoic conception of aesthetic properties
Celkyte, Aiste
Halliwell, Stephen
Long, Alex
This thesis is dedicated to exploring the ways in which Chrysippus, the third head of
the Stoic philosophical school, employed beauty terms (especially to kalon) in his
arguments, and what conceptualisation of aesthetic properties these usages underpin.
It consists of an introduction, five chapters and an epilogue. I start my enquiry by
presenting some general philosophical issues pertinent to theories of the beautiful and
discussing methodological issues, including the problematic nature of fragmentary
Stoic sources. Then the consecutive five chapters are dedicated to analysing and
discussing the following Chrysippean ideas and arguments: the Stoic definition of
beauty as summetria, the role that beauty plays in the process of acquiring
philosophical knowledge, the argument that only the beautiful is the good, the Stoic
theological and theodicean arguments that use the presence of beauty to establish the
rational generation/maintenance of the world and, finally, Stoic ideas on human
beauty, particularly concentrating on their paradoxical claim that only the wise man is
beautiful. In the epilogue, I briefly summarise my arguments and discuss how Stoic
ideas could be of interest even today. All my examinations of Chrysippus’ ideas in this
work result in the reconstruction of his theorisation of aesthetic properties in more
generally as well as the evaluation of not only the significance of his ideas in their
historical context but also their contribution to the aesthetic tradition in general.
2015-07-27T15:59:44Z
2015-07-27T15:59:44Z
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7040
en
2025-01-08
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 8th January 2025
193
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113762022-05-18T02:06:48Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Reactions to the beautiful body in Classical Athens : a tri-genre approach
Hymes, Elsbeth Joy
Hesk, Jon
Economist Daniel Hamermesh’s groundbreaking Beauty Pays, building upon his
earlier research, opens with the sentence: “Modern man is obsessed with beauty. ”His
book analyses how beautiful individuals benefit (mainly financially) from their
appearances, a phenomenon he had previously termed the ‘beauty premium’. Since his
first article on the topic, many disciplines have followed suit, examining the beauty
premium within their respective contexts of politics, law, and other social sciences.
Contrary to the beauty premium is the concept of a beauty penalty, whereby the beautiful
individual is harmed rather than benefited from his/her looks. Hamermesh’s findings are
by no means limited to the modern world and his opening sentence could be adapted to
read: “Man is, and always has been, obsessed with beauty.” In this thesis, I argue that
beauty premiums and penalties can similarly be seen in operation in Classical Athens. I do
so by identifying and analysing reactions to the beautiful human body via a cross-section
of three popular literary genres: old comedy, the writings of Xenophon and attic oratory.
These genres show that reactions to beauty in Classical Athens were pervasive and
yet variegated. Each section begins with a review of what aspects of the male and female
body were considered beautiful within the respective genre. Then, I analyse the range of
diverse premiums (as well as penalties) granted to beautiful individuals. Beauty, and
reactions to beauty, may be a matter of individual preference, but the essential point is that
it causes reactions. Each genre nuances these reactions in its own way. In comedy,
beautiful characters, who have a range of personalities, are given both penalties and
premiums on account of their appearance. Reactions to such beauty are, at times, mocked
and, at other times, beautiful individuals are treated as prizes to be doled out to the main
characters. Xenophon, on the other hand, urges beautiful individuals and their pursuers
alike to ponder beauty and rethink granting undeserved premiums. Oratory unites both of
these findings in the course of its subtle arguments presented to a jury. Overall this thesis
draws attention to the multifaceted expectations of beauty, and the common societal
reactions recorded in this cross-section of literature. It is my hope that this analysis will be
a useful point of contrast to classicists and all those studying the beauty premium in
societies both modern and ancient.
2017-08-04T13:21:39Z
2017-08-04T13:21:39Z
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11376
en
ix, 299 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46052019-07-01T10:07:12Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Studies in the career of Pliny the Elder and the composition of his 'Naturalis Historia'
Maxwell-Stuart, Peter G.
Hine, Harry
This thesis reviews Pliny's career and the composition of his last
work, the Naturalis Historia. In the first chapter, the hypotheses of
Münzer and Syme relating to Pliny's career are examined and an
alternative suggested, according to which Pliny's military career may be
dated a decade later than is usually envisaged. Chapter two dates the
composition of the NH to either 72-78 or 76-78. Chapter three examines
Pliny's working time-table and offers comparison with Cicero's time-table
in 45 B.C. Chapter four reviews the various resources available to Pliny
for research. Chapter five examines his working-methods and suggests a
possible format for his commentarii. There are thirteen appendices,
seventeen figures, and eight maps.
2014-04-24T15:57:36Z
2014-04-24T15:57:36Z
1995
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4605
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
422 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155082019-03-29T11:58:59Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Petronius' 'Satyrica' : sources and affinities
Rodriguez, Kate Hendricks
In the ongoing debate over the genre of the Satyricon of Petronius, the theories that the work is a parody of the Greek romance or that it is a mock-epic have reached a level of orthodoxy. The Satyricon's stylistic and thematic affinities to satire, mime. New Comedy and the comic romance have supported a lively debate in the academic community also. However, the rhetorical basis of Petronius has been largely overlooked. In this thesis, I challenge the orthodox arguments of Greek romance and mock-epic, and I propose alternative literary sources for consideration, in particular that of Roman declamation. In Chapter I, I look at the structure of the epic: the function of the ira Priapi in relation to Homer's Poseidon and the occasion-problem-resolution structural pattern of epic with regard to the Satyricon's form. This yields interesting questions about the validity of the mock-epic argument. Similarly, in Chapter II, I challenge the Greek romance parody hypothesis on several levels. A brief look through the chronology of the Greek romance shows its height of popularity a full century or more after Petronius. A study of Giton and Encolpius, the central couple of the Satyricon, demonstrates significant differences in their characterization from any personae of Greek romance. Additionally, the entire cast of Petronius assumes a different position in society than does the cast of Greek romance. Further into Chapter II, I debate the more recent assertions that the Satyricon is indebted (via Greek romance) to Near Eastern and Egyptian literature. Lastly, I discuss as influential on Petronius, several other genres of narrative fiction: [Greek characters], and the comic romance. In Chapter III, I put forward as an argument Petronius' debt to Roman declamation, which has been heretofore virtually ignored. In the first half of the chapter, I discuss counterparts in theme and style between the scenes of the Satyricon and Roman declamation cases. In the latter half of the chapter, I examine the cast of Petronius as a whole, finding counterparts in declamation literature and other genres with which the Satyricon has affinities. This study of character seems to show that a majority of the cast comes from the world of declamation.
2018-07-17T16:04:16Z
2018-07-17T16:04:16Z
1995
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15508
en
88 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155022019-03-29T11:59:00Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
The protagonists in the satires of Juvenal
Jones, Frederick Malcolm Anthony
The persona theory has been applied to various branches of Latin poetry, but is incomplete without also considering both audience and, where relevant, addressee. By extension it may be seen that not only addressees, but also characters talked about mould the style of a speaker, and ancient rhetorical precept and practice confirm this. This study concerns all the major characters in Juvenal's satires who have such an effect on the author's persona. In a literary work the background to such characters must somehow be given to the audience: in a play, by the context; in non-dramatic work, by the use of known characters or character-types made recognisable by, inter alia, the conventional or verbal associations of their names. This study therefore contains a prior investigation into the ways in which Juvenal signals aspects of his theme or treatment by means of the names of such characters.
2018-07-17T15:19:48Z
2018-07-17T15:19:48Z
1987
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15502
en
2 v. (287 p, 141 p).
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270412024-03-12T12:15:18Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Mind, emotion, and responsibility : studies in Homeric psychology
Crofts, Joshua Charles John
Halliwell, Stephen
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
Responsibility
Shame
Guilt
Kant
Ruth Benedict
Bruno Snell
Eric Dodds
Arthur Adkins
Homeric psychology
Ought implies can
I examine several aspects of Homeric psychology, deploying a variety of theoretical approaches, whilst orienting my discussion around the ideas of three classical scholars: Bruno Snell, Eric Dodds, and Arthur Adkins. After a methodological and thematic prologue, chapter 1 discusses the work of Snell, especially his ‘Discovery of the Mind’, and how the radical and now unpopular ideas about the ‘Homeric mind’ expressed there might, in light of recent work within linguistics and an exploration of Snell’s intellectual antecedents, be provisionally and partly rehabilitated. Chapter 2 focuses on Dodds’ ‘The Greeks and the Irrational’ and its relationship to the anthropologist Ruth Benedict’s work, particularly vis-à-vis shame, and how adopting an alternative to the view that shame is necessarily a ‘social’ emotion might facilitate more complete readings of Homeric scenes in which it is implicated. Chapter 3 concerns Adkins’ ‘Merit and Responsibility’, exploring how Adkins’ erroneous perspectives on contemporary ethics encouraged his misreading of several Homeric scenes in which responsibility assessments are at issue. This concludes with a reading of ‘Agamemnon’s Apology’ within the ‘Iliad’, through a lens of responsibility tied to ‘aretaic appraisal’, rather than the (in)ability which Adkins privileged. The chapters are followed by an epilogue, in which a key theme connecting the chapters, especially 2 and 3, that of ‘agent-centredness’, touched upon throughout the thesis, is highlighted, and directions for future study proposed.
2023-02-23T14:14:39Z
2023-02-23T14:14:39Z
2022-11-30
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27041
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/293
en
201 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/37382019-03-29T11:59:00Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Visuality, art and ecphrasis in the Monobiblos of Propertius
Freeman, Rod
Rees, Roger
In this thesis I argue that the conflation of puella, art and godhead in Propertius 2.31
and the succeeding 2.32 strongly impacts upon the opening book, the Monobiblos, of
the same author. The dynamic of vision, the poet’s pictorial imagination, and the
feminised, subservient stance of the elegiac lover are all well documented strains of
Propertian elegy, but have generally been treated as independent areas of study. By
emphasising vision as the key factor that inextricably binds lover and beloved,
confusing their roles within the text, I argue that the poems of the Monobiblos respond
both to contemporary effects in visual art within the changing fashions in wall painting,
and a literary tradition of visuality. In the second half of this thesis I show how
Propertius draws on stylistic effects in late Second and early Third Style wall painting
and so provides a poetic response to viewing contemporary art. Yet not only does his
poetry, like wall painting, aim to involve the reader visually but also requires the
reader’s participation in the dynamic verbal artefact he creates. Just as the emerging
imperial ideology was being increasingly impressed upon the Roman citizenry through
the power of imagery, so this text creates a multifaceted narrative that enables a
constantly shifting accessibility of viewpoint across traditional gender lines. As a consequence, the imbrication of erotic and poetic concerns highlights the tension
between art and literature in this text.
2013-06-20T08:45:22Z
2013-06-20T08:45:22Z
2013
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3738
en
vi, 210
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/285532023-10-21T02:06:03Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Civic communities as actors in the Western Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian
Borowski, Paweł
Lavan, Myles
Smith, Christopher John
Gibson-Sykora Trust
University of St Andrews. School of Classics
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
Russell Trust
Leverhulme Trust
Civic communities
Collective actors
Local agency
Early Roman Empire
Latin epigraphy
Andrew Abbott
This dissertation re-evaluates the significance of civic communities (ciuitates) – largely autonomous polities with state-like attributes – in the Western Roman Empire, from Augustus to Diocletian. Ciuitates have traditionally been studied as administrative structures, fulfilling functions imposed by the Roman government. In contrast, I argue that civic communities behaved as ‘actors’ – entities which pursued communal interests through collective actions. To advance this argument, I take a case-study approach and explore the role of ciuitates as active participants in territorial disputes, the fiscal sphere, and the subordination of other peoples. My approach to agency draws on the historical sociology of Andrew Abbott which emphasises that actors continually change through their interactions. The dissertation shows that civic communities were essential frameworks of collective action through which local populations fostered their communal interests and interacted with other actors, individual and collective. Recognising ciuitates as actors is indispensable if we are to appreciate their impact on the Roman empire and understand how they shaped the empire’s socio-political landscapes over time.
2023-10-20T10:41:18Z
2023-10-20T10:41:18Z
2022-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28553
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/626
en
2027-02-17
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 17th February 2027
213
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26612019-03-29T11:59:02Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Commentary, with introduction, text and translation, on selected poems of Theordulf of Orleans (Sirmond III. 1-6)
Blakeman, Christorpher John
Green, Roger
The first introductory chapter addresses the facts of
Theodulf's life and career and the primary and secondary source
material that supports these facts and attempts to establish a firm
outline of his life and career.
The second chapter looks at Theodulf's position and work in the
court, and his relations with the court, in particular his
relations with Alcuin. The chapter also discusses the importance of
panegyric and patronage for Theodulf.
The third and last introductory chapter is a detailed analysis of
the poetry of Theodulf as a whole. This chapter looks at the
subject, language and prosody of the poems and the influence on
them from other poets.
The six poems then follow. Each is first prefaced by a
short introduction, then the text is given with a translation on
the following page, the text and translation for each poem is then
followed by a line by line commentary, noting literary and
historical points of interest.
2012-06-06T09:28:40Z
2012-06-06T09:28:40Z
1991
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2661
en
281
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/277472023-06-06T02:05:24Zcom_10023_55com_10023_15col_10023_57
Comic exemplarity : a study of Aristophanes' paradeigmata
Panebianco, Elena
Wiater, Nicolas
Sonnino, Maurizio
Sapienza Università di Roma
Aristophanes
Paradeigma
Comedy
Myth
History
This work investigates the mythical and historical paradeigmata in Aristophanes’ extant comedies, in order to assess the practice of exemplarity in comedy and broaden our knowledge of exemplarity in 5th century literature.
In the first part of this work (ch. 1-5), I highlight significant aspects of the comic paradeigmata in terms of formal structures, rhetorical processes and functions, through the analysis of 5 case studies (Lys. 271-285; Lys. 671-682; Nub. 900-907, 1043-1057, 1061-1072, 1075-1082; Eq. 810-819; Av. 1553-1564). This analysis portrays comic paradeigmata as a specific articulation of exemplarity (ch. 6). I argue that the comic poet maintains the traditional use of paradeigmata as means of persuasion and also develops additional functions, required by the literary genre, namely dramatic advancement and humour.
In the second part of this work (ch. 7-9), I reconstruct the relations of exemplarity in comedy and in other coeval literary genres, i.e. tragedy, historiography and oratory. This comparative analysis reveals close connections between comic and tragic exemplarity, as well as occasional contacts between the paradeigmata in comedy and those in historiography and oratory. These results suggest a progressive evolution of exemplarity in comedy. A communal use of paradeigmata, which meets the demands imposed by the dramatic performance, seems to have been developed both in tragedy and comedy. A further development appears to be typical of comedy, which has absorbed some features of the paradeigmata in other genres and created the function of humour. Overall, this investigation shows the deep interactions, in terms of paradeigmata, of comedy and contemporary literary genres, and emphasizes the relevance of comedy to reconstruct exemplarity in the 5th century.
2023-06-05T11:29:27Z
2023-06-05T11:29:27Z
2023-06-16
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27747
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/495
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2027-12-16
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 16th December 2027
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
252
The University of St Andrews
Sapienza Università di Roma
rdf///col_10023_57/100