2024-03-29T14:24:52Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/231742021-07-21T14:49:00Zcom_10023_448com_10023_39com_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445col_10023_450col_10023_77col_10023_447
Livery and dule : dressing life and death in the late medieval Scottish royal household
Westerhof Nyman, Perin Joy
Brown, Michael Hunter
Stevenson, Katie
Dress history
Court culture
Clothing
Pageantry
Royal administration
Funerals
Scottish kingship
James IV
James V
Margaret Tudor
David Lindsay of the Mount
This thesis examines the use of meaningful and symbolic dress at the late medieval Scottish royal court, arguing that group displays of colour-coded clothing, exemplified by livery and mourning dress, played key political roles both in the day-to-day functioning of the court and royal household and at large-scale ceremonial events. The discussion takes an interdisciplinary approach to a wide body of source types, and considers evidence from the fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries, concluding with the funeral of James V in 1543. Although a number of Scottish historians have considered the political implications of individual sixteenth-century monarchs’ wardrobes, there has been little focused discussion of the dress of the wider household and court before the mid-sixteenth century. This thesis shows that dress was employed throughout the late medieval period and the early sixteenth century as a means of visually defining the structures of the household and parts of the court, the roles of the people within them, and their relationships to each other and to the monarch. It argues that clothing’s ability to express constructed meaning and identity made it a powerful and versatile tool. Examinations of livery and heraldic dress, funereal dress and textile displays, and mourning dress are used to explore the employment of clothing by the Scottish crown, nobility, and household officials. These discussions culminate in three case studies of the finely-tuned displays of liveries and mourning that were organised for the funerals of Scottish monarchs Madeleine de Valois, Margaret Tudor, and James V. By showing that meaningful dress was a core element in the expression of interpersonal and political discourse at all levels of court life, and by making the technical definitions, forms, functions, and associated meanings of late medieval Scottish dress more accessible, this thesis seeks to facilitate the wider integration of dress evidence into Scottish historical research.
2021-05-13T09:49:28Z
2021-05-13T09:49:28Z
2021-05-13T09:49:28Z
2021-07-01
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23174
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/64
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2026-03-03
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 3rd March 2026
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
xiii, 304 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
St Andrews Institute of Medieval Studies ; Institute of Scottish Historical Research
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/40372023-11-15T03:02:35Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_77col_10023_447
Prostitution and subjectivity in late mediaeval Germany and Switzerland
Page, Jamie
Andrews, Frances
Bildhauer, Bettina
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Institute of Historical Research
Prostitution
Medieval
Germany
Switzerland
Sexuality
Gender
Sex
Brothels
Middle Ages
Court records
Testimony
Subjectivity
This thesis is a study of the problem of subjectivity and prostitution in the Middle Ages. Three legal case studies of unpublished archival material and one chapter focussing on fictional texts from late mediaeval Germany and Switzerland are used to investigate the conditions of prostitutes’ subjectification in law and literature. The thesis takes impetus from Ruth Karras’s recent articulation of the problem of prostitution and sexuality, seeking to engage critically with her notion of “prostitute” as a medieval sexual identity that might be applied to any woman who had extra-marital sex. In dealing with trial records, it also aims to make a methodological contribution to the study of crime and the problem of locating the individual.
Chapters I-III examine the records of criminal cases featuring the testimony of prostitutes, or women who risked such categorisation, to consider the available subject positions both within and outwith the context of municipal regulation. Whilst acknowledging the force of normative ideas about prostitutes as lustful women, these chapters argue that prostitutes’ subject positions in legal cases were adopted according to local conditions, and depended upon the immediate circumstances of the women involved. They also consider trial records as a form of masculine discourse, arguing that an anxious masculine subject can be seen to emerge in response to the phenomenon of prostitution. Chapter IV expands this discussion by drawing on literary texts showing how prostitutes prompted concern on the part of male poets and audiences, for whom their sexual agency was a threat which belied their theoretical status as sexual objects.
Note: Transcriptions of the legal cases making up chapters I-III are provided in Appendices A, B, and C.
2013-09-06T14:59:00Z
2013-09-06T14:59:00Z
2013-09-06T14:59:00Z
2013-11-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4037
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-4037
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Embargo period has ended, thesis made available in accordance with University regulations
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
275
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
St Andrews Institute of Mediaeval Studies
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/68112020-02-29T03:02:59Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_77col_10023_447
Abbatial elections : the case of the Loire Valley in the eleventh century
Howie, Catriona V
Andrews, Frances
University of St Andrews. School of History
Society for the Study of French History
Abbot
Monastery
Loire
Charter
Lordship
Power
Mutation féodale
Mutation documentaire
This thesis examines a series of documents described as electoral charters, produced in monastic institutions of the Loire Valley from the late tenth to late eleventh centuries. By considering the variations in the formulas used for each charter, the study considers what the charters were saying about power or wanted to project about the powers at play in the events they described. Through this, the thesis demonstrates that the power of lordship projected by such documents was of a very traditional nature throughout the period in which they were being produced. The count’s role on each occasion showed him to be a dominant force with a power of lordship composed of possession and rights of property ownership, but also intangible elements, including a sacral interest.
By considering the context of events surrounding each charter of election, the thesis demonstrates that elements of this lordship could be more or less projected at different times in order that different statements might be made about the count. Thus, the symbolic expressions of power appear to have been bigger elements or more strongly emphasised in periods when the count’s political or military power was under pressure.
The differences in formulas used throughout the period of the charters’ production demonstrate that, despite the appearance of new elements that may appear to have been important novelties, these processes were likely to have been original to proceedings, and therefore the notions of a reform of investitures taking place in the mid-eleventh century must be nuanced. Instead of demonstrating a mutation in relationships between lord and Church, the documents demonstrate an alteration in style and content, becoming more narrative and verbose and in these ways revealing elements of the process of abbatial elevations that had previously been hidden from view.
2015-06-12T09:01:41Z
2015-06-12T09:01:41Z
2015-06-12T09:01:41Z
2015-06-25
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6811
en
256 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
St. Andrews Institute of Mediaeval Studies
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/272932023-11-11T03:08:30Zcom_10023_67com_10023_23com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_70col_10023_447
Early English genealogies : the evolution of their content, form, and function
Eddington, Christopher Mark
Jones, Chris
Woolf, Alex
Genealogies
Royal
Biblical influence
Early medieval English
Alliterating
Fourteen-generation structure
Woden
Geota/Geata
Cerdic
Dynastic pedigrees
This thesis traces, for the first time in detail, the evolution of early English genealogical literary forms in pre-Conquest texts, from the short pedigrees written in Latin in Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum in the early eighth century to the extensive pedigree of Æthelwulf in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the late ninth. It argues that early English genealogies were modelled on those in the Bible, and influenced by theological number symbolism and chronological frameworks, which were based on biblical genealogy. Key characteristics of English genealogy are discussed including: descent from Woden; the use of ethnonyms and dynastic eponyms; the alliteration of names, and the formal properties of structures and patterns in genealogies. A central argument of this thesis is that many of the variations between the content of different versions of shared or similar genealogical materials result from the increasing importance to writers of their structural, alliterative, and metrical forms, the development of which reflects, or even affects, the changing priorities or ideologies of the genealogists. As almost all of the genealogies are incorporated into other texts, the purposes of those texts are considered and the use the genealogies are put to. A second key argument of this thesis is that genealogy performs ideological work within narrative and other literary texts
2023-03-30T10:16:47Z
2023-03-30T10:16:47Z
2023-03-30T10:16:47Z
2022-11-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27293
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/377
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2027-07-04
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 4th July 2027
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
403
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/284282023-10-17T02:06:57Zcom_10023_102com_10023_29com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_104col_10023_447
Title redacted
O'Harrow, Hailey
Turner, Victoria (Victoria Claire)
Andrews, Frances
Abstract redacted
2023-09-20T09:04:53Z
2023-09-20T09:04:53Z
2023-09-20T09:04:53Z
2023-11-29
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28428
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/614
en
2028-09-14
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 14th September 2028
233
The University of St Andrews
St Andrews Institute of Mediaeval Studies
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/285682023-10-26T08:11:13Zcom_10023_36com_10023_12com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_43col_10023_447
Look at the Sky : the bird Simurgh in text and image in Iran (1010-1650)
Castro Royo, Laura
Sturkenboom, Ilse
Talajooy, Saeed
Simurgh
Persian literature
Persian art
Mythology
Art history
Zoroastrianism
Persian manuscripts
Manuscripts
Metalwork
Dragon
Iconography
Sufism
This research focuses on the mythological bird Sīmurgh and her representations in literature and art in the Persianate world from 1010 to 1650. Sīmurgh is generally overlooked in both art and literature, and she has not been the subject of monographic study. This dissertation proposes a combination of approaches from literary and art historical analyses to offer a complete picture of the importance of this bird for the arts and culture of the Persianate world. The results of the research show that Sīmurgh is a multifaceted subject: she is a narrative character, a mystical symbol, and a decorative motif. There is no division between these aspects; rather, they coexist.
The dissertation is divided in two parts. The first five chapters are dedicated to the study of the role of Sīmurgh in literature. The chapters are divided by genre: epic poetry, encyclopaedic works, and Sufi-mystical poetry. The following four chapters that form the second part of this dissertation analyse the iconography of Sīmurgh. They first investigate the possible origins of her visual representation up until c. 1300s. Following, a chapter is dedicated to the critical stage in which text and image became related and a recognisable iconography was established for the literary character of Sīmurgh. The dissertation ends with a chapter that discusses a following stage in which the iconography of Sīmurgh detached itself from the narrative text and started to function as decoration.
2023-10-25T15:35:36Z
2023-10-25T15:35:36Z
2023-10-25T15:35:36Z
2023-11-29
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28568
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/634
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2028-10-12
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 12th October 2028
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
342
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/269462023-11-30T03:07:39Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_77col_10023_447
Patterns of commemoration in central Italy : manuscript calendars and social time in Perugia, Assisi and Gubbio, c. 1100–1500
Kaasik, Holger
Andrews, Frances
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
Kone Foundation
Niilo Helander Foundation
Medieval
Calendars
Social time
Perugia
Assisi
Gubbio
Italian history
Central Italy
Middle Ages
Liturgy
Commemoration
Feasts of saints
Cult of saints
This thesis examines the use of medieval calendars as commemorative devices. Medieval calendars were practical and open-ended texts that could remain in use for several generations, accumulating layers of modification according to the needs and preferences of their users. Composed to regulate social time and annual collective commemoration, calendars bridged past, present and future action and synchronised individuals and communities within urban centres, on a regional level and across vast distances throughout Latin Christendom. Scholarly interest has typically focused on individual manuscripts and key calendar traditions, such as that of the Roman Curia, aiming to reconstruct seminal liturgies. This thesis instead repositions calendars in their social context and compares the calendars of three neighbouring towns and diocesan centres of distinct size, political, economic and religious influence in Central Italy – Perugia, Assisi and Gubbio – set against an extended corpus of Central and Northern Italian calendars. Altogether, the material comprises eighty manuscripts and 21354 calendar entries. By revealing how calendars served differing functions between the centres of this geographically compact area, and how these practices evolved following divergent trajectories, the comparative approach allows for the identification of trends and patterns of commemoration that would otherwise remain hidden.
The thesis argues that while the primary functions of medieval calendars – sustaining communal memory and structuring the liturgical year – are widely recognised, a great variety of practices can be uncovered considering sufficient comparative context. The thesis demonstrates that although commemorations of patron saints remained a staple of calendars, to the point of seeming almost detached from surrounding socio-religious and political developments, there are fundamental and systematic differences between the centres examined in how calendars were used to perpetuate minor local commemorations, reconcile local patterns of commemorations with those of transregional religious orders and to construct and maintain connections with neighbouring regions. Such differences go well beyond the appearance of individual saints in particular manuscripts and reflect the varying needs and preferences of the communities producing and using the manuscripts, affected by the scale, centrality and geographical orientation of the urban centres examined, as well as by broader developments such as the expansion of the Franciscan order and the Papal Curia’s presence in the region over the thirteenth century.
2023-02-10T10:28:04Z
2023-02-10T10:28:04Z
2023-02-10T10:28:04Z
2022-11-30
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26946
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/269
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
2027-08-31
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 31st August 2027
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
321
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/121002018-05-02T16:10:03Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_77col_10023_447
Looking beyond Guinevere : depictions of women in Chrétien de Troyes’ Arthurian romances, the cult of saints, and religious texts of the twelfth century
Hayes, Lydia Helen
Hudson, John
Old French literature
Arthurian romance
Medieval cultural history
Women's studies
Chretien de Troyes
This thesis provides a reading of Chrétien de Troyes’ Arthurian romances that reflects the cultural and intellectual context of twelfth-century Christianity. The impact of this context on Chrétien’s romances is examined by identifying the influence that contemporaneous biblical expository texts, hagiography, and the material culture of the cult of saints had upon his work. Although scholars have devoted much attention to the study of Chrétien’s romances, and some have examined the potential influences of various medieval Christian beliefs, practices, and symbols on his work, none have yet to produce a thorough study of these elements while focusing specifically on the female characters.
Scholars have identified the influence of the cult of saints on the depiction of Guinevere in The Knight of the Cart, but have not examined this influence on the depictions of the ladies in the other four romances in detail. I look beyond Guinevere, examining all of the female protagonists in the Arthurian romances, comparing their attributes and actions to those of biblical women in contemporaneous biblical exposition and those of saints in hagiography. At the heart of this comparison is the relationship between the lady and her knight, a relationship that is described in similar terms to that between a biblical woman and God and that between saint and devotee.
2017-11-15T12:49:09Z
2017-11-15T12:49:09Z
2017-11-15T12:49:09Z
2017-12-08
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12100
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2022-11-01
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 1st November 2022
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
vii, 186 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/53592019-04-01T10:57:04Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_445com_10023_39col_10023_77col_10023_447
Italian queens in the ninth and tenth centuries
Cimino, Roberta
MacLean, Simon
Queenship
Medieval Italy
Carolingian Europe
Politics
This thesis investigates the role of queens in ninth and tenth century Italy. During the Carolingian period the Italian kingdom saw significant involvement of royal women in political affairs. This trend continued after the Carolingian empire collapsed in 888, as Italy became the theatre of struggles for the royal and imperial title, which resulted in a quick succession of local rulers. By investigating Italian queens, my work aims at reassessing some aspects of Italian royal politics. Furthermore, it contributes to the study of medieval queenship, exploring a context which has been overlooked with regard to female authority. The work which has been done on queens over the last decades has attempted to build a coherent model of early medieval queenship; scholars have often privileged the analysis of continuities and similarities in the study of queens’ prerogatives and resources. This thesis challenges this model and underlines the peculiarities of individual queens. My analysis demonstrates that, by deconstructing the coherent model established by historiography, it is possible to underline the individual experiences, resources and strengths of each royal woman, and therefore create a new way to look at the history of queens and queenship.
The thesis is divided into four main thematic sections. After having introduced the subject and the relevant historiography on the topic in the introduction, in Chapter 2 I consider ideas about queenship as expressed by narrative and normative sources. Chapter 3 deals with royal diplomas, which are a valuable resource for the understanding of queens’ reigns. Chapter 4 analyses queens’ dowers and monastic patronage. Chapter 5 examines the experience of Italian royal widows. Finally, the conclusive chapter outlines the significance of this thesis for the broader understanding of medieval queenship.
2014-09-05T13:47:10Z
2014-09-05T13:47:10Z
2014-09-05T13:47:10Z
2014-06-26
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5359
en
2024-04-15
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 15th April 2024
xxi, 206 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
St Andrews Institute of Mediaeval Studies (in co-tutelle with the University of Bologna)