2024-03-29T07:07:23Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/107262023-04-25T23:48:52Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Grecian, W. James
author
Taylor, Graeme A.
author
Loh, Graeme
author
McGill, Rona A. R.
author
Miskelly, Colin M.
author
Phillips, Richard A.
author
Thompson, David R.
author
Furness, Robert W.
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
2017-05-08T16:30:09Z
2017-05-08T16:30:09Z
2016-11-09
Grecian , W J , Taylor , G A , Loh , G , McGill , R A R , Miskelly , C M , Phillips , R A , Thompson , D R & Furness , R W 2016 , ' Contrasting migratory responses of two closely-related seabirds to long-term climate change ' , Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol. 559 , pp. 231-242 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11875
0171-8630
PURE: 249951353
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10726
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11875
http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/123065/
Many marine predators migrate between breeding and non-breeding areas to target resources that are seasonal but spatio-temporally predictable, and so are vulnerable to climate-induced changes in prey phenology and abundance. In the Southern Ocean, small petrels are major consumers, but perturbations in the ecosystem through ocean warming are altering food-web structure and have been linked to poleward shifts in the distribution of their cold-water zooplankton prey. In this study, we focused on 2 small congeneric petrels: the broad-billed prion Pachyptila vittata and the Antarctic prion P. desolata. Both are planktivorous, but the broad-billed prion specialises in feeding on large copepods. We investigated historical trends in non-breeding distribution by analysing feather stable isotope ratios from a time-series dating back to 1926, and examined contemporary non-breeding distributions of broad-billed prions tracked using miniaturised geolocation-immersion loggers. After controlling temporally for the Suess effect, we found that the δ13C signatures of Antarctic prions, but not broad-billed prions, declined during the study period. This suggests a southward shift in Antarctic prion non-breeding distribution over the last century. Both species exhibited significant declines in δ15N during the same period, indicative of long-term decreases in marine productivity in their moulting areas, or changes in the trophic structure of prey communities. Tracked broad-billed prions migrated ca. 1000 km to an area east of the breeding colony where the Louisville seamount chain bisects the subtropical front. Topographically driven upwellings are stable and predictable features and may be crucial in aggregating plankton. Targeting seamounts could therefore mitigate the impact of climate-induced prey shifts by providing refugia for the broad-billed prion.
eng
© The Authors 2016. Open Access under Creative Commons by Attribution Licence. Use, distribution and reproduction are unrestricted. Authors and original publication must be credited.
Biologging
Conservation
Migration
Moult
Movement
Non-breeding behaviour
Seamounts
Stable isotopes
Upwelling zones
QH301 Biology
NDAS
SDG 13 - Climate Action
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Contrasting migratory responses of two closely-related seabirds to long-term climate change
Journal article
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URL
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Grecian_2016_MEPS_MigratoryResponses_CC.pdf
URL
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Grecian_2016_MEPS_MigratoryResponses_CC.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39032023-04-18T09:46:23Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Arthun, Marius
author
Nicholls, Keith
author
Boehme, Lars
sponsor
NERC
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
2013-08-01T23:50:04Z
2013-08-01T23:50:04Z
2013-02
Arthun , M , Nicholls , K & Boehme , L 2013 , ' Wintertime water mass modification near an Antarctic Ice Shelf front ' , Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol. 43 , no. 2 , pp. 359-365 . https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0186.1
0022-3670
PURE: 27672043
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3903
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0186.1
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0186.1
NE/G014833/1
Under ice measurements by seals carrying a miniaturized conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) instrument fill an important gap in existing observations. Here we present data from an instrumented Weddell seal that spent 8 consecutive months (February–September) for aging in close proximity to Filchner Ice Shelf, thus providing detailed information about the evolution of mixed layer hydrography during the austral autumn and winter. The resultant time series of hydrography shows strong seasonal water mass modification, dominated by an upper–ocean (0–300 m) salinity increase of 0.31, corresponding to 3.1 m sea ice growth, and the development of a 500 m thick winter mixed layer. Observations furthermore highlight a gradual salinity increase in a slow (3–5 cms−1 ) southward flow on the continental shelf, to wards the site, and suggest that the inferred ice production is better considered as a regional average rather than being purely local. No clear seasonality is observed in the properties of the underlying Ice Shelf Water.
eng
© 2013 American Meteorological Society
Antarctica
Continental shelf/slope
Sea ice
Southern Ocean
Mixed layer
In situ oceanic observations
GC Oceanography
Wintertime water mass modification near an Antarctic Ice Shelf front
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/3903/1/ArthunNuchollsBoehme_jpo2013wintertime.pdf
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ArthunNuchollsBoehme_jpo2013wintertime.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/3903/3/ArthunNuchollsBoehme_jpo2013wintertime.pdf.txt
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ArthunNuchollsBoehme_jpo2013wintertime.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/162532024-03-09T00:43:37Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_165com_10023_39com_10023_181com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_166col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Schuert, Courtney
author
Pomeroy, Patrick
author
Twiss, Sean
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
2018-10-17T10:30:11Z
2018-10-17T10:30:11Z
2018-10-16
Schuert , C , Pomeroy , P & Twiss , S 2018 , ' Assessing the utility and limitations of accelerometers and machine learning approaches in classifying behaviour during lactation in a phocid seal ' , Animal Biotelemetry , vol. 6 , 14 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-018-0158-y
2050-3385
ORCID: /0000-0003-1603-5630/work/49580160
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16253
10.1186/s40317-018-0158-y
Background: Classifying behaviour with animal-borne accelerometers is quickly becoming a popular tool for remotely observing behavioural states in a variety of species. Most accelerometry work in pinnipeds has focused on classifying behaviour at sea often quantifying behavioural trade-offs associated with foraging and diving in income breeders. Very little work to date has been done to resolve behaviour during the critical period of lactation in a capital breeder. Capital breeding phocids possess finite reserves that they must allocate appropriately to maintain themselves and their new offspring during their brief nursing period. Within this short time, fine-scale behavioural trade-offs can have significant fitness consequences for mother and offspring and must be carefully managed. Here, we present a case study in extracting and classifying lactation behaviours in a wild, breeding pinniped, the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Results: Using random forest models, we were able to resolve 4 behavioural states that constitute the majority of a female grey seals’ activity budget during lactation. Resting, alert, nursing, and a form of pup interaction were extracted and classified reliably. For the first time, we quantified the potential confounding variance associated with individual differences in a wild context as well as differences due to sampling location in a largely inactive model species. Conclusions: At this stage, the majority of a female grey seal’s activity budget was classified well using accelerometers, but some rare and context-dependent behaviours were not well captured. While we did find significant variation between individuals in behavioural mechanics, individuals did not differ significantly within themselves; inter-individual variability should be an important consideration in future efforts. These methods can be extended to other efforts to study grey seals and other pinnipeds who exhibit a capital breeding system. Using accelerometers to classify behaviour during lactation allows for fine-scale assessments of time and energy trade-offs for species with fixed stores.
eng
Accelerometer
Grey seal
Maternal behaviour
Breeding behaviour
Machine learning
Classification
QH301 Biology
NDAS
NERC
Assessing the utility and limitations of accelerometers and machine learning approaches in classifying behaviour during lactation in a phocid seal
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/16253/1/Shuert_2018_AB_Accelerometers_CC.pdf
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Shuert_2018_AB_Accelerometers_CC.pdf
URL
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File
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text/plain
Shuert_2018_AB_Accelerometers_CC.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/107752023-04-25T23:48:54Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Robertson, G. S.
author
Bolton, M.
author
Grecian, W. J.
author
Monaghan, P.
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
2017-05-15T14:30:13Z
2017-05-15T14:30:13Z
2014-09
Robertson , G S , Bolton , M , Grecian , W J & Monaghan , P 2014 , ' Inter- and intra-year variation in foraging areas of breeding kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) ' , Marine Biology , vol. 161 , no. 9 , pp. 1973-1986 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2477-8
0025-3162
PURE: 249954407
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10775
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2477-8
While seabird conservation efforts have largely focused on protection from threats at the colony (e.g. reducing disturbance and predation), attention is increasingly being given to implementing protection measures for foraging areas at sea. For this to be effective, important foraging areas must be identified. Although numerous studies have examined seabird foraging behaviour, information is still lacking on the variability in area utilisation within and among breeding seasons. GPS devices were attached to adult black-legged kittiwakes breeding at an expanding North Sea colony (55°20′N, 1°32′W) during both incubation and chick-rearing in 2012 and during chick-rearing in 2011, to determine whether foraging areas remained consistent and to identify the oceanographic characteristics of areas used for foraging. The type and size of prey items consumed at different stages of the breeding cycle was also examined. During incubation (April-May 2012), kittiwakes foraged substantially further from the colony and fed on larger sandeels than when feeding chicks, and there was significant inter-annual variation in foraging areas used during the chick-rearing period (June-July 2011 and 2012). Foraging areas were characterised by cooler sea surface temperatures and areas of high chlorophyll a concentration, although association with specific oceanographic features changed within the breeding season and between years. These results emphasise the importance of considering how foraging areas and reliance on specific oceanographic conditions change over time when seeking to identify important marine areas for seabirds.
eng
© The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
QH301 Biology
Aquatic Science
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Ecology
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Inter- and intra-year variation in foraging areas of breeding kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/10775/1/Grecian_2014_MB_BreedingKittiwakes_CC.pdf
File
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Grecian_2014_MB_BreedingKittiwakes_CC.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/10775/3/Grecian_2014_MB_BreedingKittiwakes_CC.pdf.txt
File
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Grecian_2014_MB_BreedingKittiwakes_CC.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/122662022-07-31T11:30:24Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Langley, Izzy
author
Fedak, Mike
author
Nicholls, Keith
author
Boehme, Lars
sponsor
NERC
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
2017-12-06T10:30:11Z
2017-12-06T10:30:11Z
2018-04
Langley , I , Fedak , M , Nicholls , K & Boehme , L 2018 , ' Sex-related differences in the postmolt distribution of Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) in the southern Weddell Sea ' , Marine Mammal Science , vol. 34 , no. 2 , pp. 403-419 . https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12461
1748-7692
PURE: 248865290
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12266
https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12461
NE/G014833/1
The population of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in the southern Weddell Sea is in a unique position on the continental shelf edge, with vast shelf waters to the south, and deep Southern Ocean to the north. We describe sex-related differences in the winter distribution of this population, from data collected by 20 conductivity-temperature-depth satellite relay data loggers deployed in February 2011 at the end of the annual molt. The regional daily speed was calculated, and a state-space model was used to estimate behavioral states to positions along individuals’ tracks. GLMMs estimated that males and smaller individuals, diving in shallower water, traveled less far per day of deployment (males 14.6 ± 2.26 km/d, females 18.9 ± 2.42 km/d), and males were estimated to dive in shallower water (males 604 ± 382 m, females 1,875 ± 1,458 m). Males and smaller individuals were also estimated to be more resident; males spent an average 83.4% ± 7.7% of their time in a resident behavioral state, compared to females at 74.1% ± 7.1%. This evidence that male and female Weddell seals in the southern Weddell Sea are adopting different strategies has not been shown elsewhere along their circumpolar distribution.
eng
© 2017 The Authors. Marine Mammal Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Marine Mammalogy. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Weddell seal
Leptonychotes weddellii
Postmolt distribution
Sex-related differences
CTD-SRDL
State-space model
Resident state
Weddell Sea
GC Oceanography
QH301 Biology
NDAS
BDC
Sex-related differences in the postmolt distribution of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in the southern Weddell Sea
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/12266/1/Langley_et_al_2017_Marine_Mammal_Science_CC.pdf
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Langley_et_al_2017_Marine_Mammal_Science_CC.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/117652023-04-25T23:46:33Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Rosen, David
author
Hindle, Allyson
author
Fahlman, Andreas
author
Gerlinsky, Carling
author
Goundie, Elizabeth
author
Hastie, Gordon Drummond
author
Volpov, Beth
author
Trites, Andrew
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
2017-09-29T23:32:14Z
2017-09-29T23:32:14Z
2017-01
Rosen , D , Hindle , A , Fahlman , A , Gerlinsky , C , Goundie , E , Hastie , G D , Volpov , B & Trites , A 2017 , ' Physiological constraints and energetic costs of diving behaviour in marine mammals : a review of studies using trained Steller sea lions diving in the open ocean ' , Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systems, and Environmental Physiology , vol. 187 , no. 1 , pp. 29-50 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1035-8
0174-1578
PURE: 245970582
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11765
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1035-8
Marine mammals are characterized as having physiological specializations that maximize the use of oxygen stores to prolong time spent under water. However, it has been difficult to undertake the requisite controlled studies to determine the physiological limitations and trade-offs that marine mammals face while diving in the wild under varying environmental and nutritional conditions. For the past decade, Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) trained to swim and dive in the open ocean away from the physical confines of pools participated in studies that investigated the interactions between diving behaviour, energetic costs, physiological constraints, and prey availability. Many of these studies measured the cost of diving to understand how it varies with behaviour and environmental and physiological conditions. Collectively, these studies show that the type of diving (dive bouts or single dives), the level of underwater activity, the depth and duration of dives, and the nutritional status and physical condition of the animal affect the cost of diving and foraging. They show that dive depth, dive and surface duration, and the type of dive result in physiological adjustments (heart rate, gas exchange) that may be independent of energy expenditure. They also demonstrate that changes in prey abundance and nutritional status cause sea lions to alter the balance between time spent at the surface acquiring oxygen (and offloading CO2 and other metabolic by-products) and time spent at depth acquiring prey. These new insights into the physiological basis of diving behaviour further our understanding of the potential scope for behavioural responses of marine mammals to environmental changes, the energetic significance of these adjustments, and the consequences of approaching physiological limits.
eng
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1035-8
Diving physiology
Stellar sea lions
Metabolism
Foraging
QH301 Biology
T-NDAS
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Physiological constraints and energetic costs of diving behaviour in marine mammals : a review of studies using trained Steller sea lions diving in the open ocean
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/11765/1/Diving_review_accepted_version.pdf
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URL
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Diving_review_accepted_version.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10342024-03-05T00:40:33Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Boyd, Ian Lamont
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
2010-10-19T10:16:17Z
2010-10-19T10:16:18Z
2010-07
Boyd , I L 2010 , ' Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures : resolving the "wicked" problem of the Steller sea lion ' , Biological Conservation , vol. 143 , no. 7 , pp. 1664-1674 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.006
0006-3207
standrews_research_output: 32820
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/1034
10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.006
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77954814411&partnerID=8YFLogxK
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall in to this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered.
eng
Wicked
Extinction
Risk
Viability
Population
Ecology
Alaska
Pacific
Mammal
Marine
Policy
Conservation
Problem
QH301 Biology
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures : resolving the "wicked" problem of the Steller sea lion
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/1034/2/BoydSSLconservationFinal.pdf
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BoydSSLconservationFinal.pdf
URL
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BoydSSLconservationFinal.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42282023-04-18T09:46:31Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_181com_10023_39com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Andersen, Julie Marie
author
Skern-Mauritzen, Mette
author
Boehme, Lars
author
Wiersma, Yolanda F.
author
Rosvig-Asvid, Aqqalu
author
Hammill, Mike
author
Stenson, Garry
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
2013-11-29T17:01:03Z
2013-11-29T17:01:03Z
2013-11-25
Andersen , J M , Skern-Mauritzen , M , Boehme , L , Wiersma , Y F , Rosvig-Asvid , A , Hammill , M & Stenson , G 2013 , ' Investigating annual diving behaviour by Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) within the Northwest Atlantic Ocean ' , PLoS One , vol. 8 , no. 11 , e80438 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080438
1932-6203
PURE: 28385286
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4228
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080438
With the exception of relatively brief periods when they reproduce and moult, hooded seals, Cystophora cristata, spend most of the year in the open ocean where they undergo feeding migrations to either recover or prepare for the next fasting period. Valuable insights into habitat use and diving behaviour during these periods have been obtained by attaching Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDLs) to 51 Northwest (NW) Atlantic hooded seals (33 females and 18 males) during ice-bound fasting periods (2004−2008). Using General Additive Models (GAMs) we describe habitat use in terms of First Passage Time (FPT) and analyse how bathymetry, seasonality and FPT influence the hooded seals’ diving behaviour described by maximum dive depth, dive duration and surface duration. Adult NW Atlantic hooded seals exhibit a change in diving activity in areas where they spend >20 h by increasing maximum dive depth, dive duration and surface duration, indicating a restricted search behaviour. We found that male and female hooded seals are spatially segregated and that diving behaviour varies between sexes in relation to habitat properties and seasonality. Migration periods are described by increased dive duration for both sexes with a peak in May, October and January. Males demonstrated an increase in dive depth and dive duration towards May (post-breeding/pre-moult) and August–October (post-moult/pre-breeding) but did not show any pronounced increase in surface duration. Females dived deepest and had the highest surface duration between December and January (post-moult/pre-breeding). Our results suggest that the smaller females may have a greater need to recover from dives than that of the larger males. Horizontal segregation could have evolved as a result of a resource partitioning strategy to avoid sexual competition or that the energy requirements of males and females are different due to different energy expenditure during fasting periods.
eng
© 2013 Andersen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Hooded seals
Feeding migrations
Habitat use
Diving behaviour
Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDLs)
General Additive Models (GAMs)
First Passage Time (FPT)
Investigating annual diving behaviour by Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) within the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Journal article
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/4228/1/e80438.pdf
File
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1974685
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e80438.pdf
URL
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File
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e80438.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/75812023-04-25T23:41:46Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_301com_10023_39com_10023_181com_10023_792com_10023_309com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_303col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_311col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Hooker, Sascha Kate
author
Barychka, Tatsiana
author
Jessopp, Mark J
author
Staniland, Iain J
sponsor
The Royal Society
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
institution
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
2015-10-01T23:12:40Z
2015-10-01T23:12:40Z
2015-09-29
Hooker , S K , Barychka , T , Jessopp , M J & Staniland , I J 2015 , ' Images as proximity sensors : the incidence of conspecific foraging in Antarctic fur seals ' , Animal Biotelemetry , vol. 3 , 37 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0083-2
2050-3385
PURE: 193890101
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7581
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0083-2
Background: Although there have been recent advances in the development of animal-attached ‘proximity’ tags to remotely record the interactions of multiple individuals, the efficacy of these devices depends on the instrumentation of sufficient animals that subsequently have spatial interactions. Among densely colonial mammals such as fur seals, this remains logistically difficult, and interactions between animals during foraging have not previously been recorded. Results: We collected data on conspecific interactions during diving at sea using still image and video cameras deployed on 23 Antarctic fur seals. Animals carried cameras for a total of 152 days, collecting 38,098 images and 369 movies (total time 7.35 h). Other fur seals were detected in 74% of deployments, with a maximum of five seals seen at one time (n = 122 images, 28 videos). No predators other than conspecifics were observed. Detection was primarily limited by light conditions, since conspecifics were usually further from each other than the 1-m range illuminated by camera flash under low light levels. Other seals were recorded at a range of depths (average 27 ± 14.3 m, max 66 m). In terms of bouts of dives, still images of other seals were recorded in 5 single dives (of 330) and 28 bouts of dives <2 min apart (of 187). Linear mixed models suggested a relationship between conspecific observations per dive and the number of krill images recorded per dive. Using light conditions as a proxy for detectability, other seals were more likely to be observed at the bottom of dives than during descent or ascent. Seals were also more likely to be closer to each other and oriented perpendicular to each other at the bottom of dives, and in the same direction as each other during ascent. Conclusions: These results are contrary to animal-attached camera observations of penguin foraging, suggesting differing group-foraging tactics for these marine predators. Group foraging could have consequences for models linking predator behaviour to prey field densities since this relationship may be affected by the presence of multiple predators at the same patch.
eng
© 2015 Hooker et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Pinniped
Animal-attached camera
Sociality
Foraging
Groups
Arctocephalus gazella
QH301 Biology
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Images as proximity sensors : the incidence of conspecific foraging in Antarctic fur seals
Journal article
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/77352023-04-25T23:42:21Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17com_10023_165com_10023_39com_10023_181com_10023_792com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_46col_10023_166col_10023_182col_10023_795col_10023_880
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Russell, Deborah Jill Fraser
author
Wanless, Sarah
author
Collingham, Yvonne C.
author
Huntley, Brian
author
Hamer, Keith C.
sponsor
NERC
institution
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
institution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
institution
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
institution
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
institution
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
2015-11-03T15:40:06Z
2015-11-03T15:40:06Z
2015-11-02
Russell , D J F , Wanless , S , Collingham , Y C , Huntley , B & Hamer , K C 2015 , ' Predicting future European breeding distributions of British seabird species under climate change and unlimited/no dispersal scenarios ' , Diversity , vol. 7 , no. 4 , pp. 342-359 . https://doi.org/10.3390/d7040342
1424-2818
PURE: 209437567
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7735
https://doi.org/10.3390/d7040342
Agreement R8-H12-86
Understanding which traits make species vulnerable to climatic change and predicting future distributions permits conservation efforts to be focused on the most vulnerable species and the most appropriate sites. Here, we combine climate envelope models with predicted bioclimatic data from two emission scenarios leading up to 2100, to predict European breeding distributions of 23 seabird species that currently breed in the British Isles. Assuming unlimited dispersal, some species would be “winners” (increase the size of their range), but over 65% would lose range, some by up to 80%. These “losers” have a high vulnerability to low prey availability, and a northerly distribution meaning they would lack space to move into. Under the worst-case scenario of no dispersal, species are predicted to lose between 25% and 100% of their range, so dispersal ability is a key constraint on future range sizes. More globally, the results indicate, based on foraging ecology, which seabird species are likely to be most affected by climatic change. Neither of the emissions scenarios used in this study is extreme, yet they generate very different predictions for some species, illustrating that even small decreases in emissions could yield large benefits for conservation.
eng
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Climate envelope modelling
Climate response surface
Conservation
Ecological niche modelling
Extinction risk
Foraging ecology
Global warming
Marine spatial planning
Sea surface temperature
Species distribution model
QH301 Biology
SDG 13 - Climate Action
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Predicting future European breeding distributions of British seabird species under climate change and unlimited/no dispersal scenarios
Journal article
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